ADHD Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder Facts and Figures

ADHD is a neurobiological disorder affecting children and leads to inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity

These Symptoms are present in everybody but in varying severity ADHD

These symptoms are predominant among individuals with ADHD

Symptoms of inattention Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities Often doesn’t listen when spoken to directly Often forgetful in daily activities Quickly loses interest ADHD

Symptoms of hyperactivity Often runs about or climbs excessively in inappropriate places Difficulty engaging in leisure activities quietly Talks excessively Often fidgets with hands and feet or squirms in seats ADHD

Symptoms of impulsivity Can’t wait or delay his/her task Hard time in waiting for his/her turn Difficulty in repressing what they have to say Fearless because doesn’t think or worry about consequences Difficulty in raising hand and waiting to be called on Attracted to high risk behavior Answers without thinking ADHD

Secondary Symptoms Low self-esteem Poor social skills Poor organizational skills Needs instant gratification Easily over stimulated ADHD

Heredity This is the most common cause - 80% of cases Acquired Neurological Deficit injury to the developing brain during pregnancy, delivery or postnatal Probable causes of ADHD

Worldwide Prevalence India 5.2 – 29% China 6.1 – 8.9% New Zealand 6.7% Australia 7.5 – 8.8% Canada 1.1 – 8.9 % Brazil 5.8% Holland 1.8 – 3.8% Germany 4.2%

Prevalence in Saudi Arabia KKUH Riyadh 12.6% Elementary Schools Dammam 16.7%

Prevalence in Arab States

For a correct diagnosis all the following conditions must be met

There is no quick fix or cure for ADHD However a multimodal approach of medical, psycho-social, and educational interventions has the greatest effectiveness in treatment of ADHD symptoms Treatment

Negative Impact

17.4 15.5 ADHD and Smoking Age Source : McClernon, Kollins 2008

75% 27% Source : McClernon, Kollins 2008 ADHD and Smoking Smoking before age 16

Source : Barkley, ADHD Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment Illicit Substance Abuse

Source : Barkley, ADHD Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment Antisocial Tendencies

Economic Burden

comparison subjects patients Source : ADDERS.org Number of Medical Claims

Work loss cost, adults & family members $U.S. 3.7 billion Healthcare of family members $U.S. 14.2 billion Patient’s healthcare costs $U.S. 12.1 billion ADHD Treatment $U.S. 1.6 billion Total: $31.6 billion Source : Birnbaum, et al. 2005. Excess Cost of ADHD

In billions of U.S. dollars drugs 58 ADHD 77 Annual Cost

Expenditure (direct cost) Payment (direct + indirect cost) Source : Swensen, et al. 2003. Increased Cost for Patients and Families

Low Cost of Treatment $U.S. per employment costs

Famous people with ADHD

Walt Disney

Agatha Christie

Michael Phelps

Albert Einstein