optics

1. OPTICS
SUBMITTED BY
SARANYA R S
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
REG NO:13971023
KUCTE KUMARAPURAM

2. OPTICS
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior
and properties of light, including its interactions
with matter and the construction of instruments that use
or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior
of visible, ultraviolet, and infra red-light. Because light is
an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic
radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit
similar properties.

4. GEOMETRIC OPTICS
Geometric optics, treats light as a collection
of rays that travel in straight lines and bend
when they pass through or reflect from
surfaces.

5. PHYSICAL OPTICS
Physical optics is a more comprehensive
model of light, which includes wave effects
such as diffraction and interference that
cannot be accounted for in geometric
optics.

6. Optical science is relevant to and studied in
many related disciplines including astronomy,
various engineering fields, photography,
and medicine (particularly ophthalmology and
optometry). Practical applications of optics are
found in a variety of technologies and
everyday objects, including mirrors,
lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers,
and fiber optics

7. OPTICAL FIBER
An optical fiber (or optical fiber) is a flexible, transparent
fiber made of extruded glass (silica) or plastic, slightly
thicker than a human hair. It can function as a waveguide, or
“light pipe, to transmit light between the two ends of the
fiber. Power over Fiber(POF) optic cables can also work to
deliver an electric current for low-power electric devices.
The field of applied science and engineering concerned with
the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber
optics.

10. USES
Communication
Optical fiber can be used as a medium for
telecommunication and computer networking because it
is flexible and can be bundled as cables. It is especially
advantageous for long-distance communications,
because light propagates through the fiber with little
attenuation compared to electrical cables. This allows
long distances to be spanned with few repeaters.

11. ADVANTAGES
1. Bandwidth - Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth
than metal cables. The amount of information that can be
transmitted per unit time of fiber over other transmission media is
its most significant advantage.
2. Low Power Loss - An optical fiber offers low power loss. This
allows for longer transmission distances.
3. Interference - Fiber optic cables are immune to electromagnetic
interference. It can also be run in electrically noisy environments
without concern as electrical noise will not affect fiber.

12. 4.Size - In comparison to copper, a fiber optic cable has
nearly 4.5 times as much capacity as the wire cable
has and a cross sectional area that is 30 times less.
5.Weight - Fiber optic cables are much thinner and
lighter than metal wires. They also occupy less space
with cables of the same information capacity. Lighter
weight makes fiber easier to install.

13. DISADVANTAGES
1.Cost - Cables are expensive to install but last longer than copper cables.
2.Transmission - transmission on optical fiber requires repeating at
distance intervals.
3. Fragile - Fibers can be broken or have transmission loses when wrapped
around curves of only a few centimeters radius. However by encasing
fibers in a plastic sheath, it is difficult to bend the cable into a small enough
radius to break the fiber.
4. Protection - Optical fibers require more protection around the cable
compared to copper.