This presenation is intended to give an overview of the FPGAs, designing using FPGA and related technologies.

1. FPGAs : An Overview
Sanjiv Malik
October 18, 2007 1

2. What is Programmable Logic?
Can be defined as an IC whose functionality can be
modified “On-the fly”
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3. Field Programmable Gate Arrays
FPGA is an IC with ability to reconfigure its circuitry for a
desired application or function at any time after
manufacturing
Adaptive hardware that continuously changes in response
to the input data or processing environment
Combination of general-purpose processors and ASICs
(Application Specific IC).
Quick reconfiguration time, in order of 100 µS to 1 mS
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4. FPGA Facts
• You can download FPGAs as many time as you want -
no limit - with different functionalities every time if you
want. If you make a mistake in your design, just fix
your quot;logic functionquot;, re-compile and re-download it. No
PCB, solder or component to change.
• The designs can run much faster than if you were to
design a board with discrete components, since
everything runs within the FPGA, on its silicon die.
• FPGAs loose their functionality when the power goes
away (like RAM in a computer that looses its content).
You have to re-download them when power goes back
up to restore the functionality.
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5. FPGA Facts (Cont..)
• FPGAs Evolved from PALs, PLDs, Complex PLDs
• FPGAs comparison to other options
Technology Gates Speed NRE Cost Part Cost Spin time
Custom VLSI <10M <500 MHz $20K-$100M $1-up weeks
Gate array <2M <200 MHz $10K-$1M $1-up days/weeks
FPGA <100K <100 MHz $100-$100K $10-$1K minutes/hours
– FPGA Strengths: quick prototyping and time-to-market,
reprogrammability, relatively easy to use
– FPGA Weaknesses: cost, density, speed
• FPGA Vendors: Xilinx, Altera, Actel, Atmel, Lucent,
Cypress, QuickLogic, IBM, Motorola
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6. FPGAs vs CPLDs
• FPGAs are quot;fine-grainquot; devices. • CPLDs are quot;coarse-grainquot;
That means that they contain a devices. They contain relatively
lot (up to 100000) of tiny few (a few 100's max) large
blocks of logic with flip-flops. blocks of logic with flip-flops.
• FPGAs are RAM based. They • CPLDs are EEPROM based. They
need to be quot;downloadedquot; are active at power-up (i.e. as
(configured) at each power-up. long as they've been
programmed at least once
• CPLDs can contain small
• FPGAs can contain very large
designs only.
digital designs
• CPLDs do not have
• FPGAs have special routing
resources to implement
efficiently binary counters and
arithmetic functions (adders,
comparators...).
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7. An Example FPGA Chip
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8. Where are FPGAs used?
Some of the examples of FPGA usage are:
Fast prototypes of large designs for simulation/
verification later to be implemented in ICs
Signal, image processing: filters, warping, music
Graphics, UART and other device controllers
Military: target dependent correlation/recognition
Cryptography: DES search
“Hardware” genetic algorithms
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9. FPGA internal design
• The basic structure of FPGAs is array-based,
meaning that each chip comprises a two-
dimensional array of logic blocks that can be
interconnected via horizontal and vertical routing
channels.
• FPGAs consists of an array of CLB, IOB and
programmable interconnects
• CLB : Configurable Logic Block
• IOB : Input/output block
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10. FPGA Internal design(Cont..)
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11. Control Logic Block
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12. Example Control Logic Block
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13. Input/Output Block
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14. FPGA Development tools
• Design tools
• Pin Assignment tools
• Design Entry tools
• Simulation tools
• Synthesis tools
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15. FPGA Programming Steps
1. Use a computer to describe the quot;logic functionquot; that you
want. You might draw a schematic, or create a text file
describing the function, doesn't matter.
2. Compile the quot;logic functionquot; on your computer, using a
software provided by the FPGA vendor. That creates a
binary file that can be downloaded into the FPGA.
3. Connect a cable from your computer to the FPGA, and
download the binary file to the FPGA.
4. That's it! Your FPGA behaves according to your quot;logic
functionquot;.
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16. Our Sample Board
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17. October 18, 2007 17

18. Step 1: Creating the logic[VHDL)
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19. Advance FPFA based system designs
• For designing microprocessor-based
complex embedded systems, advance
FPGAs are available.
• These contains gates of the order of TODO
• Xilings and vendors provide system design
wizards to create complex systems.
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20. Xilings FPGA based Advance system design
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21. Xilings FPGA based Advance system design(Cont…)
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22. Xilings FPGA based Advance system design(Cont…)
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23. Conclusion
• Over time FPGAs will become the dominant form
of digital logic design and implementation.
• Their ease of access, principally through the low
cost of the devices, makes them attractive to small
firms and small parts of large companies.
• The fast manufacturing turn-around they provide
is an essential element of success in the market.
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