1. Ahsanullah University of
Science & Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
Transportation Engineering Lab
4th Year; 2nd Semester
Sec : A
2. Presented By
Group-1
Md. Abu Sayeed 09.02.03.001
Maksudul Alim 09.02.03.003
Abontee Barua 09.02.03.005
K.M. Tawrat 09.02.03.006
Wasim Ather 09.02.03.008
Rezwana Binte Hafiz 09.02.03.053
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3.
4. What is Traffic Study???.....
Traffic studies may be grouped
into three main categories:
(1) Inventories,
(2) Administrative studies, and
(3) Dynamic studies.
6. Volume Study
Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles
crossing a section of road per unit time at any
selected period. Traffic volume studies are
conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles
and/or pedestrians that pass a point on a highway
facility during a specified time period.
This time period varies from as little as 15 min to
as much as a year, depending on the anticipated use
of the data.
7. To determine of vehicle composition in traffic
stream.
To determine the service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.
To estimate of ADT based on expansion factor.
To determine the directional distribution(DD).
To draw flow fluctuation curves
8. Effectiveness of a traffic control
measure
To check existing, operating service
condition of a roadway section
Planning traffic operation and control of
existing facility
To design intersection, signal timings,
channelization
Structural design of pavements,
geometric design and road way capacity
9. Volume Study
Traffic volume studies are usually
conducted when certain volume
characteristics are needed, some of
which follow:
oAverage Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
oAverage Daily Traffic (ADT)
oPeak Hour Volume (PHV)
oVehicle Classification (VC)
oVehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)
11. Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Volume:
Volume on a road is the number of vehicles passing the
measurement point during a specified time interval.
• Demand:
is a measure of the number of vehicles (or passengers, or
persons) waiting for service in the given time period.
• Capacity:
is the maximum number that can reasonable be expected to
be served in the given time period.
12. Definitions & Useful Parameters
• PCE:
Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the
impact that a mode of transport has on traffic
variables (such as headway, speed, density)
compared to a single car
• PCU:
It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway
capacity unit
13. Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Daily Volumes:
A common time interval for volumes is a day.
• Daily volumes are frequently used as the basis
for highway planning and general observations
of trends.
14. Daily Volume
commonly used daily volume parameters
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
the average of 24-hour counts collected every day
of the year.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
the average of 24-hour counts collected over a
number of days greater than one but less than a
year.
15. Peak Hour Volume (PHV)
the maximum number of vehicles that pas a point
on a highway during a period of 60 consecutive
minutes.
Vehicle Classification (VC) with respect to the type of
vehicles for cars, two-axle trucks, or three-axle
trucks.
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Flow Rate
Vehicles/ 15 min expanded to 1 hour
16. Factors
Hourly expansion factors (HEFs) are determined
by the formula
Daily expansion factors (DEFs) are computed
as
17. Definitions (cont…)
• Directional Distribution
Directional Distribution is the predominant
one-way traffic volume expressed as a
percentage of two-way traffic
19. The two basic methods of
counting traffic are:
Manual observation
Automatic recording
20. Manual observation……
Most applications of manual counts require
small samples of data at any given location.
Manual counts are
sometimes used when the effort and expense
of automated equipment are not justified
22. Manual observation……
Tally Sheets
Recording data onto tally sheets is the simplest means of
conducting manual counts. The data can be recorded
with a tick mark on a pre-prepared field form. A watch or
stopwatch is necessary to measure the desired count
interval
43. General Information
Group no. 01
Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue
Date: June 20, 2013 (Thursday)
Time: 8:15 to 8:30 am
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Clear
Method: Manual (Direct)
44. Group no. 01 (cont)
Number of Vehicle
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Ta
xi
3
Wheeler
Motorcy
cle
Bus NMT Total
8:15-
8:30
263 110 43 41 48 505
45. Group no. 01 (cont)
Converted no. of Vehicle
Type of vehicle No. of vehicle PCE
Converted no. of
vehicle or PCU
Car,Jeep,Micro,Tax
i
263 1 263
3 Wheeler 110 0.5 55
Motorcycle 43 0.1 4.3
Bus 41 3 123
NMT 48 0.5 24
Total 505 469.30
46. Group no. 01 (cont)
Rate of Flow = 469.30 vehicle/15 min
Service flow rate = Rate of Flow * 4
= 469.3*4
= 1877.20 vehicle/hour
47. Group no. 01 (cont)
Hourly expansion factor, HEF = 17.11
Daily volume of traffic
= Service flow rate*HEF
= 1877.20*17.11
= 32118.892 vehicle/day
48. Group no. 01 (cont)
Daily expansion factor, DEF = 7.012
Weekly volume of traffic
= Daily volume of traffic*DEF
= 32118.892*7.012m
= 225217.67 vehicle/week
49. Group no. 01 (cont)
Average daily traffic, ADT
= Weekly volume of traffic/7
= 225217.67/7
= 32173.95 vehicle/day
50. Group no. 01 (cont)
Annual average daily traffic
= ADT*1.395
= 32173.95*1.395
= 44882.66 vehicle/day
51. Number of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Group
no.
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Tax
i
3
Wheeler
Motorcyc
le
Bus NMT Total
1 8:15-8:30 263 110 43 41 48 505
2 8:30-8:45 262 127 60 45 17 511
3 8:45-9:00 169 63 40 26 4 302
4 9:00-9:15 239 106 80 36 0 461
5 9:15-9:30 220 94 55 33 16 418
Total 1153 500 278 181 85
52. Converted no. of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Type of
vehicle
No. of
vehicle
PCE Converted
no. of
vehicle or
PCU
% PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic
ro,Taxi
1153 1 1153
57.18395
3 Wheeler 500 0.5 250 12.39895
Motorcycle 278 0.1 27.8 1.378763
Bus 181 3 543 26.93052
NMT 85 0.5 42.5 2.107821
Total 2016.3 100
53. Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
57.18%
12.40%
1.38%
26.93%
2.11%
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
3 Wheeler
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT
54. Number of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Group
no.
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Ta
xi
3
Wheeler
Motorcyc
le
Bus NMT Total
6 8:15-8:30 314 125 110 24 7 580
7 8:30-8:45 341 111 88 35 40 615
8 8:45-9:00 282 132 74 25 0 513
9 9:00-9:15 341 142 62 48 0 593
10 9:15-9:30 314 105 61 32 0 512
Total 1592 615 395 164 47
55. Converted no. of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Type of
vehicle
No. of
vehicle
PCE Converted
no. of
vehicle or
PCU
% PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic
ro,Taxi
1592 1 1592
64.86046
3 Wheeler 615 0.5 307.5 12.52801
Motorcycle 395 0.1 39.5 1.609289
Bus 164 3 492 20.04482
NMT 47 0.5 23.5 0.957425
Total 2454.5 100
56. Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
64.86%
12.53%
1.61%
0.96%
20.04%
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
3 Wheeler
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT
57. Flyover to
Shatrasta
Service flow
rate
(PCU/hour)
Shatrasta to
Flyover
Service flow
rate
(PCU/hour)
Group 01 1877.20 Group 06 1852
Group 02 1900 Group 07 2121.20
Group 03 1707 Group 08 1721.6
Group 04 1632 Group 09 2392.8
Group 05 1518 Group 10 1874.4
Average 1726.84 Average 1992.32
Directional
Directional
46 %
54%
distribution
distribution
Directional Distribution
58. Service flow rate Histogram
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
1877.2 1900
1707
1632
1518
2000
1500
1000
500
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
PCU/hour
Time
59. Service flow rate Histogram
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
1852
2121.2
1721.6
2392.8
1874.4
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
PCU/hour
Time
61. Flow Fluctuation
Time
Flyover to Statrasta Statrasta to Flyover
Average of
% ADT
Group
no.
ADT
(vehicle/day)
% ADT
Group
no.
ADT
(vehicle/day)
% ADT
8:15-8:30 1 32173.95 21.23 6 31742.04 18.59 19.91
8:30-8:45 2 32564.73 21.49 7 36355.95 21.29 21.39
8:45-9:00 3 29256.84 19.30 8 29507.07 17.28 18.29
9:00-9:15 4 27971.39 18.45 9 41010.99 24.02 21.23
9:15-9:30 5 29596.88 19.53 10 32125.96 18.82 19.18
Total 151563.79 100 170742.01 100
62. Flow Fluctuation Curve
25
20
15
10
5
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
% ADT
Time
Flyover to Shatrasta
Shatrasta to Flyover
Average
63. Recommendations
Only 26% of total vehicles were Buses.
Public transport should be increased and improved.
64. Recommendations
5% of total vehicles were Non-motorized vehicles.
A dedicated lane should be provided to facilitate non-motorized
vehicle.
65. Recommendations
39% of total vehicles were private cars. To reduce the number
of private cars two steps can be taken-
• Introducing TollsHOTCongestion pricing along some specific
urban roadways.
• Introducing parking permits and restricting parking space.
67. Operated manual counting without a single Hand
Counter.
No provision for cross check in the manual
method.
No vantage location from where video method
could be used to collect data.
