Non-formal education refers to organized educational activities that occur outside the formal school system. It provides learning opportunities to people of all ages through correspondence courses, broadcasting, and occasional face-to-face sessions. Non-formal education has a long history dating back over 100 years, though it has taken various forms throughout history from epistles used to teach early Christians to modern distance learning programs. It grew significantly in the 20th century with the rise of radio and television broadcasting and the establishment of open universities. Non-formal education plays an important role in developing countries by expanding access to education in a low-cost manner.

2. Concept, Historical
Perspectives & Scope
Of Non-formal Education
Presented By: Sami Arif
)
Preston University Islamabad

3. Introduction
 Education
 Education is
a process of learning positive
habits , knowledge , skill etc , under the
guidance of teacher.
Formal
Non formal education
Informal
 Non
formal education is a kind (medium of
instruction)of education, in which a student
studies by correspondence ,sitting at home or
out of school .

4. Definition
 Ahmed and
Coombs (1974),
Any organised, systematic,
educational activity carried on out
side the frame work of the formal
system to provide selected types of
learning to particular sub-group in
the population, adults as well as
children.

5. Definition
(cont...)
 This
term covers education & training in which
tutor & learner are not in the same place.
Correspondence courses are the most vivid
example & it is possible to obtain a very wide
range of skills & qualification in this way.
( ILMI education dictionary )
 According to
Dodd's (1978)
…..this method/system provides education/courses
by correspondence, broadcasting and occasional
face-to-face learning.

6. Concept
Education that happens outside of
the context of a formally
structured educational institution
and that may address the teaching
of knowledge or skills other than
those typically concentrated in
educational institution.this
education helps a lot in achieving
the goals of formal education

7. Concept

(cont.…)
Non-formal education takes into
account the out-of-school
education for adult through oral
written & audio-visual methods of
imparting knowledge, skill/value
and activity like literacy, vocational
training, civic, economic and
cultural education for overall
development of the individual and
community.

8. Terminology
 Non-formal
 Indigenous education
 Open
learning
 Correspondence education
 Distance
education
 Community education
 Out-of-school
 Adult education
 Life
long education
 Continuing education

9. Scope /Need
 Rural population.
 Women ,both
 School drop
rural and urban.
out and out of school
youth.
 Unemployed, under-employed,
under privileged youth and adults
to upgrade their existing
qualifications,
 The
handicapped.

10. In the eye of history
 Early

era
Non-formal education has a long history over
a 100 years . How ever in its non-organized
form non-formal education has been traced
back to the beginning of written records .
 During Biblical
period epistles of Plato were
used for the instruction of early Christian
congregations.
(Erdos1967,sewart 1981 ,holmberg1986)

11. 18th Century
 According to
Holmberg , mention of what
could be termed as non-formal education ,
was made in the Boston Gazette(U.S.A ) of
20th march 1728 when Caleb Philips, a teacher
of New Method shorthand advertised that
people who wanted to learn this art could have
their lessons sent weekly to them and … be as
perfectly instructed as those that live in
Boston” (Battenberg, p.44, quoted by
Holmberg 1986,p.6).

12. Early 19th Century
Open universities & institutes opened
in Sweden ,West Germany ,U.S.A
&U.K where correspondence
courses were offered. The
university of London was first to
award degree in non formal
education.
1833 non-formal education started
in Sweden.

13. Mid
th
19
Century
 1850
In England Isaac Pitman started shorthand
on post cards .
 1856 Germany, Frenchman Charles Toussaint &
German Gustay Langenscheidt started teaching
language in Berlin.

1870 Hans Hermod opened a school in Malmo.
 1880 Isaac
Pitman College.
 1894 Joseph.W.knipe published
“The
schoolmaster.”

1873-1897 In U.S.A Anna Eliot Tichnor founded
& run Boston Society.

14. th
20
Century
 1910 W.A.Grundy programmed course
of health
training in Australia.
 1920
Soviet union used non-formal education
to expend there educated manpower.
 1929 non-formal education
became a significant
component of soviet education system as a
solution to shortage of teachers & institutions .
Even today Russian students do part of their
degree at a distance & part full-time.

15. Radio Era

Child education
 1925
radio introduced in school education.
 1939 10,000 schools

had radio in Britain.
Adult education
 1930
several thousand listening groups were
formed in Britain.
 1937
radio came in for adult education in New
Zealand.

16. rd
3

Component
1960’S Linkage of 3rd component
,face-to-face tuition with
Broadcasting and correspondence.
 Off
campuses studies started from
first world war.
 1940-1950
In Asia and Latin
America.
 1960 non-formal education
as a
solution for educational problems.

17. In Pakistan

Non formal education started in sub –continent
in 1920`s.
 The
first open university founded in 1974
named as People open university in Islamabad
now known as Allama Iqbal Open University.
 The
second open university is Virtual
University which founded in 2002.
 Many
Madaras are playing important role
in providing nfe in Pakistan.

18. Conclusion
 To
conclude we may state that nonformal education has a history of one
hundred years . Non-formal education is
based on traditional education .Nonformal education is expending day by
day, it is cost effective and now a need
of under developing countries. It is a
solution of third world countries low
literacy rate.

20. 20