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April 20, 2011

                   Pragya Sharma
Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute
       Research Innovation and Incubation Centre
                            Gandhinagar, Gujarat
                           pragyasees@gmail.com
Technology classification

Technology overview

R & D Approach

Photovoltaic Development Options
Crystalline        Monocrystalline
                                                          Polycrystalline

                                                          CdTe (Cadmium
                                                            Telluride)
               Solar Photovoltaic                       CIGS (Copper Indium
                                                               Gallium
                                                           Selenium)/CIS
                                                          (Copper Indium
                                        Thin-film            Selenium)
                                                         CIS (Copper Indium
                                     Concentrating           Diselenide)
                                      Photovoltaic
Solar Energy                                            Amorphous Silicon (a-
 technology                                                    Si)

                                                        Flat-plate Collectors
                                    Distributed Solar
                                        Thermal
                                                        Evacuated Heat-pipe
                                                              Tubes

                                                                                 Parabolic Trough
                Solar Thermal                                                       Collectors

                                                                                Dish/Engine Systems

                                    Centralised Solar    Concentrating Solar
                                        Thermal                                   Power Towers
                                                              Thermal
                                                                                 Hybrid Systems /
                                                                                 Integrated Solar
                                                                                 Combined Cycle

                                                                                  Linear Fresnel
Solar Photovoltaic



                                                    Concentrating
Crystalline               Thin-film
                                                     Photovoltaic



                             CdTe (Cadmium
   Monocrystalline
                               Telluride)


                           CIGS (Copper Indium
                          Gallium Selenium)/CIS
    Polycrystalline
                             (Copper Indium
                                Selenium)


                            CIS (Copper Indium
                                Diselenide)



                         Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
modules



      Applicability
                                                    Balance of
                                                    the system




                               Drivers of
                                 the PV
                               Developm-                 Development
Environme                          ent                    of dedicated
                                                         encapsulation
ntal Quality                                             materials and
                                                           processes.




                      Energy
                       yield                Value
PV technology Trends


Emerging technologies   Balance of the system         R&D
• Inorganic thin-film   • Electronics, cabling,       • Reduction of silicon
  Technology              installation material and     material and costs
• Organic thin-film       other parts, labour,        • Improved cell structure
  Technology              storage, sun tracking,        and device efficiency
• Thermophotovoltaic      system Engineering          • Improved Deposition
                                                        Technique
                                                      • Advanced material and
                                                        concept
Inorganic thin-film Technology

Organic thin-film Technology

Thermophotovoltaic
Inorganic thin-film
               technologies


               Polycrystalline
Spheral CIS
                Si thin-film
 solar cells
                 solar cells
Organic thin-film technologies




   Dye solar cells   Organic bulk donor-
                          acceptor
                     heterojunction solar
                             cells
Thermophotovoltaics



 Concept: Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation
  of electricity is the conversion of the radiation
 of a heated body (photon emitter) into electric
 power by means of semiconductor photovoltaic
                         cells.
Research and Fundamentals
Inorganic solar        Organic Solar           Thermo
     cells                 Cells             photovoltaic
 Reduction of grain                            Mechanically
    boundary                                 structured metal
                       Long term stability
  recombination                              or semiconductor
     velocity                                     emitters
                       Understanding of
     Efficiency            interfacial        Simulation and
     potential         recombination/re      characterization
                             duction
 Reduction of active
 layer thickness by
                       Device simulation
                                               Plasmonic
  incorporation of                               effects
  plasmonic effects
Balance of the system




Sun Tracking system    Reduce need for the
    Engineering          space, support
                      structure and cabling
Research and
Development

•Reduction of silicon
material and costs
•Improved cell
structure and device
efficiency
•Improved
Deposition
Technique
•Advanced material
and concept
PV TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
     Module assembly: Develop materials and
     mounting techniques

     Tracking and Reduce need for the space,
     support structure and cabling

     Devices and efficiency: Develop materials and
     production technologies to improve efficiency

     Manufacturing and installation: To Find
     optimized design, production and test methods

     Development of dedicated encapsulation
     materials and processes
Solar cell


 Assurance in
                                  Optical system
    Quality




  Power plant
                                 Module Assembly
Engineering and
                                 and Fabrication
    Inverter

                    Tracker
                  installation
Solar cell
Better efficiency and long-term stability.

 Research to fit the cell design for the terrestrial solar
radiation and the used materials of the optical systems.

Calibration of multi-junction solar cells


Simulation of electrical performance
Module Assembly and Fabrication
Innovative concepts (material, fabrication methods)
for the housing.

Long-term stability of the modules.


Impermeability of the modules.

Measurement and monitoring systems for indoor
characterization.
Quality Assurance
Indoor and outdoor characterization, including the
ageing and stability, of the single components, the
modules and the whole system.


EU-certification- and product- standards.



Long-time monitoring for modules and systems.
Optical system
Better optical efficiency and long-term stability (> 20 years) of
the optical systems.

Higher angular acceptance (-> secondary) and concentration
factor (in accordance to the solar-cells).

Modelling of the optical design in accordance to the solar
radiation and the materials.

Measurement and monitoring systems for indoor
characterization (solar simulator for concentrator optics).

Evaluation of alignment problem (receiver-lens and lens-solar
beam) in manufacturing point focus system.
Inverter and Power plant
             Engineering
· Field testing.

· Power plant deploy and
infrastructure.

· Inverter communication with
Tracker
Tracker and installation
Research in fabrication methods.


Better tracking accuracy.


Mechanical stability, stiffness, static.


Workings on differential tracking and ecliptic tracking.

Calibration models and techniques for tracking control (Auto-calibrated
tracking control units, sun tracking accuracy monitoring systems).

Analysis leading towards the industrialization of tracker and tracking
control unit.
April 20, 2011

                   Pragya Sharma
Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute
       Research Innovation and Incubation Centre
                            Gandhinagar, Gujarat
                           pragyasees@gmail.com

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Sesi Presentation

  • 1. April 20, 2011 Pragya Sharma Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute Research Innovation and Incubation Centre Gandhinagar, Gujarat pragyasees@gmail.com
  • 2. Technology classification Technology overview R & D Approach Photovoltaic Development Options
  • 3.
  • 4. Crystalline Monocrystalline Polycrystalline CdTe (Cadmium Telluride) Solar Photovoltaic CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenium)/CIS (Copper Indium Thin-film Selenium) CIS (Copper Indium Concentrating Diselenide) Photovoltaic Solar Energy Amorphous Silicon (a- technology Si) Flat-plate Collectors Distributed Solar Thermal Evacuated Heat-pipe Tubes Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Collectors Dish/Engine Systems Centralised Solar Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Towers Thermal Hybrid Systems / Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Linear Fresnel
  • 5. Solar Photovoltaic Concentrating Crystalline Thin-film Photovoltaic CdTe (Cadmium Monocrystalline Telluride) CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenium)/CIS Polycrystalline (Copper Indium Selenium) CIS (Copper Indium Diselenide) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. modules Applicability Balance of the system Drivers of the PV Developm- Development Environme ent of dedicated encapsulation ntal Quality materials and processes. Energy yield Value
  • 9. PV technology Trends Emerging technologies Balance of the system R&D • Inorganic thin-film • Electronics, cabling, • Reduction of silicon Technology installation material and material and costs • Organic thin-film other parts, labour, • Improved cell structure Technology storage, sun tracking, and device efficiency • Thermophotovoltaic system Engineering • Improved Deposition Technique • Advanced material and concept
  • 10.
  • 11. Inorganic thin-film Technology Organic thin-film Technology Thermophotovoltaic
  • 12. Inorganic thin-film technologies Polycrystalline Spheral CIS Si thin-film solar cells solar cells
  • 13. Organic thin-film technologies Dye solar cells Organic bulk donor- acceptor heterojunction solar cells
  • 14. Thermophotovoltaics Concept: Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation of electricity is the conversion of the radiation of a heated body (photon emitter) into electric power by means of semiconductor photovoltaic cells.
  • 15. Research and Fundamentals Inorganic solar Organic Solar Thermo cells Cells photovoltaic Reduction of grain Mechanically boundary structured metal Long term stability recombination or semiconductor velocity emitters Understanding of Efficiency interfacial Simulation and potential recombination/re characterization duction Reduction of active layer thickness by Device simulation Plasmonic incorporation of effects plasmonic effects
  • 16. Balance of the system Sun Tracking system Reduce need for the Engineering space, support structure and cabling
  • 17. Research and Development •Reduction of silicon material and costs •Improved cell structure and device efficiency •Improved Deposition Technique •Advanced material and concept
  • 18. PV TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES Module assembly: Develop materials and mounting techniques Tracking and Reduce need for the space, support structure and cabling Devices and efficiency: Develop materials and production technologies to improve efficiency Manufacturing and installation: To Find optimized design, production and test methods Development of dedicated encapsulation materials and processes
  • 19. Solar cell Assurance in Optical system Quality Power plant Module Assembly Engineering and and Fabrication Inverter Tracker installation
  • 20. Solar cell Better efficiency and long-term stability. Research to fit the cell design for the terrestrial solar radiation and the used materials of the optical systems. Calibration of multi-junction solar cells Simulation of electrical performance
  • 21. Module Assembly and Fabrication Innovative concepts (material, fabrication methods) for the housing. Long-term stability of the modules. Impermeability of the modules. Measurement and monitoring systems for indoor characterization.
  • 22. Quality Assurance Indoor and outdoor characterization, including the ageing and stability, of the single components, the modules and the whole system. EU-certification- and product- standards. Long-time monitoring for modules and systems.
  • 23. Optical system Better optical efficiency and long-term stability (> 20 years) of the optical systems. Higher angular acceptance (-> secondary) and concentration factor (in accordance to the solar-cells). Modelling of the optical design in accordance to the solar radiation and the materials. Measurement and monitoring systems for indoor characterization (solar simulator for concentrator optics). Evaluation of alignment problem (receiver-lens and lens-solar beam) in manufacturing point focus system.
  • 24. Inverter and Power plant Engineering · Field testing. · Power plant deploy and infrastructure. · Inverter communication with Tracker
  • 25. Tracker and installation Research in fabrication methods. Better tracking accuracy. Mechanical stability, stiffness, static. Workings on differential tracking and ecliptic tracking. Calibration models and techniques for tracking control (Auto-calibrated tracking control units, sun tracking accuracy monitoring systems). Analysis leading towards the industrialization of tracker and tracking control unit.
  • 26.
  • 27. April 20, 2011 Pragya Sharma Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute Research Innovation and Incubation Centre Gandhinagar, Gujarat pragyasees@gmail.com