The document summarizes research on the study of public administration in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States from the 1940s to the 1990s. It provides data on the top universities and programs, levels of analysis, areas of focus, influential leaders and paradigms, and attention to social equity issues over time in the four countries.

1. The study of public administration in the United States, Canada and Australia. George Candler Indiana University South Bend

4. U.Toronto Victoria Carleton Top program 19.0 15.5 13.1 % Top three programs 8.2 5.9 4.9 % Top program n = 308 n = 275 n = 272 Canada FGV/EBAP FGV/EBAP FGV/EBAP Top program 27.4 36.1 25.5 % Top three programs 17.6 25.8 19.7 % Top program n = 571 n = 264 n = 237 Brazil ANU ANU ANU Top program 16.7 23.2 22.0 % Top three programs 8.5 9.6 12.6 % Top program n = 620 n = 233 n = 248 Australia 1990-2002 1980s 1970s Author institutions

5. 37.7 32.1 43.7 Political science/govt 7.4 9.1 4.2 Management/administration 23.6 29.7 17.6 Public admin/mgmt/policy n = 212 n = 165 n = 142 Canada 3.0 2.6 6.4 Political science/govt 14.3 11.2 4.6 Management/administration 31.5 49.3 42.2 Public admin/mgmt/policy n = 336 n = 152 n = 109 Brazil 18.2 36.2 43.9 Political science/govt 17.0 18.9 14.7 Management/administration 13.7 11.8 6.0 Public admin/mgmt/policy n = 330 n = 127 n = 116 Australia 1990-2002 1980s 1970s Author institutions: academic discipline

6. 0.6 2.2 1.5 State owned firms 3.6 1.5 0.7 Nonprofits 12.0 5.1 8.1 Local 24.7 17.1 12.9 Provincial/state 17.5 22.5 29.4 Federal n = 308 n = 275 n = 272 Canada 2.8 8.3 3.8 State owned firms 1.6 2.3 0.4 Nonprofits 14.7 7.6 8.9 Local 5.4 1.5 1.3 Provincial/state 12.8 24.2 17.7 Federal n = 571 n = 264 n = 237 Brazil 1.8 8.6 1.6 State owned firms 0.5 0.9 0.8 Nonprofits 5.8 5.6 12.9 Local 18.5 18.5 14.9 Provincial/state 28.5 23.6 31.5 Federal n = 620 n = 233 n = 248 Australia 1990-2002 1980s 1970s Level of analysis

7. 10.1 5.8 1.1 Diversity 17.2 8.0 12.5 Social outcomes 9.7 4.4 1.5 Market-based processes 14.9 23.3 17.3 Bureaucratic processes n = 308 n = 275 n = 272 Canada 1.6 1.5 0 Diversity 38.2 24.6 15.6 Social outcomes 7.0 2.7 0 Market-based processes 18.6 17.4 24.1 Bureaucratic processes n = 571 n = 264 n = 237 Brazil 5.2 4.7 0.8 Diversity 13.4 9.9 10.9 Social outcomes 20.8 5.2 0.8 Market-based processes 15.5 18.0 25.0 Bureaucratic processes n = 620 n = 233 n = 248 Australia 1990-2002 1980s 1970s Focus of research

8. 5.1 4.7 6.4 4.2 3.8 Public policy 12.7 6.3 0.4 1.0 0.6 NPM 1.5 0.4 0 0 0 Network 0.5 0.4 0 0.3 0 Critical 12.7 21.2 27.3 32.9 33.5 Admin science Chrétien Mulroney Trudeau II Pearson/Trudeau Dief Canada 3.2 2.6 1.2 0.7 0 Public policy 7.1 2.9 2.9 0 0.5 NPM 5.3 11.8 4.7 0.7 0 Network 5.3 11.8 4.7 0.7 0 Critical 24.0 20.6 24.1 33.5 52.2 Admin science Cardoso Consolidation Abertura Linha dura Coup Brazil 5.6 5.6 2.9 1.5 4.9 Public policy 27.0 14.1 1.9 0 0.4 NPM 0.8 0.2 0 0 0 Network 0 1.0 0 0 0 Critical 13.7 15.8 24.3 34.2 27.4 Admin science Howard Hawke/Keating Fraser Post-Menzies Menzies Australia 1970 1980 1990 2000 Paradigmatic influences (% of articles published)

9. 8.1 4.3 1.5 1.6 2.5 Environment 6.1 1.9 2.2 1.3 1.9 Health 9.6 7.1 0.7 0.3 2.5 Social equity Chrétien Mulroney Trudeau II Pearson/Trudeau Dief Canada 6.9 12.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 Environment 17.9 14.1 17.6 3.6 0 Health 1.1 2.3 1.2 0 0 Social equity Cardoso Consolidation Abertura Linha dura Coup Brazil 2.8 2.9 1.4 3.1 1.3 Environment 3.2 2.7 2.4 1.5 3.1 Health 4.8 4.4 1.4 0.5 0 Social equity Howard Hawke/Keating Fraser Post-Menzies Menzies Australia 1970 1980 1990 2000 New Public Administration (social policy) research loci (% of articles published)

10. 520 535 627 307 243 249 n = 2 0 0 0 0 0 Orientation 2 1 8 5 2 1 Class 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigenous 11 11 30 5 2 1 Race/ethnicity 10 15 18 1 1 0 Gender 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s 1950s 1940s Social equity in US academic public administration

11. 440 264 237 242 0 0 n = 0 0 0 0 -- -- Orientation 3 4 0 0 -- -- Class 1 0 0 0 -- -- Indigenous 0 0 0 0 -- -- Race/ethnicity 2 0 0 0 -- -- Gender 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s 1950s 1940s Social equity in Brazilian academic public administration

12. 258 275 271 302 26 0 n = 0 0 0 0 0 -- Orientation 1 0 0 1 0 -- Class 8 6 1 3 0 -- Indigenous 7 4 0 0 0 -- Race/ethnicity 11 6 2 0 0 -- Gender 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s 1950s 1940s Social equity in Canadian academic public administration

13. 490 233 248 251 181 103 n = 2 0 0 0 0 0 Orientation 5 1 1 1 0 0 Class 9 5 0 0 0 0 Indigenous 3 3 0 0 0 0 Race/ethnicity 6 2 1 0 0 2 Gender 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s 1950s 1940s Social equity in Australian academic public administration