This document discusses various phonological processes that occur in connected speech across languages like Spanish, English, and Italian. It describes processes such as elision, where final vowels are dropped before following words beginning with vowels. Resyllabification is discussed, where consonant clusters at word boundaries are joined to the following syllable. The document also covers assimilation, where sounds are altered due to neighboring sounds, and contractions that fuse words together in fast speech. Overall, it provides an overview of common changes in pronunciation that can occur when words are strung together in natural conversation.

1. 1
CONTRASTIVE PHONOLOGY:
Spanish – English - Italian
Pablo A. Mejía Maldonado. Esp, MSc. Quito - Ecuador

2. What occurs when a non-native speaker lacked of experience
in the language is engaged in a conversation with a native
speaker

4. CONNECTED SPEECH
DIALECT
RATE OF SPEAKING
REGISTER
FAST SLOW
HOW THE LANGUAGE
IS USED
FORMALITY
INFORMALITY
4

5. 5
When we speak naturally we do not
pronounce a word, stop, then say the next
word in the sentence. Fluent speech flows
with a rhythm and the words bump into
each other. To make speech flow smoothly
the way we pronounce the end and
beginning of some words can change
depending on the sounds at the beginning
and end of those words.
These changes are described as features of
connected speech.
WHAT IS CONNECTED SPEECH?

6. PROCESSES IN CONNECTED SPEECH
SYNTAX
MORPHOLOGY
SEMANTICSPRAGMATICS
PHONOLGY
6

7. 7
-glide / -diphthong + vowel-
(semivowel + vowel)
my artist /may ˈaɹtɪst/
hay algo /ay ˈalgo/
rey indio /ˈɾey ˈindyo/
through it /ˈθɹuw ɪt/

8. 8
-open vowel + vowel-
spa owner / ˈspa ˈowneɹ/
saw it /ˈsɔ ɪt/
escucha esto /esˈkuʧa esto/
palo alto /ˈpalo ˈalto/

9. 9
-consonant + vowel-
late edition /leyt ˈɪdɪʃən/
pen ink /pɛn ˈɪŋk/
lápiz azul /ˈlapis aˈsul/
reloj anterior /reˈlox anteˈɾyoɾ/

10. 10
RESYLLABIFICATION
-cluster + vowel-
marked on /ˈmaɹkt ən/
turn off /ˈtəɹn əv/
hold on /ˈhowld ən

11. 11
JUXTAPOSITION
same final plus same initial sound
hot tea /haˈtːiy/
horse shoe /ˈhɔ:ɹʃːuw/
reembolsar /re:mboˈlsar/
contra ataque /contɾaːˈtake/
mal latente /malːaˈtente/

12. 12
-stop + stop- /affricate-
pet cat /ˈpɛtºˈkæt/
big church /bɪgºˈʧərʧ/

13. 13
REGRESSIVE
have to /ˈhæf tə/
claim for [ˈkleɪ̥:ɱ fɚ]
con gusto [kɔŋ ˈgus̯to]
Ven tarde [ ben̯̯ ta̯r̪đe]

14. ̊
̊
14
PROGRESSIVE
speak loudly [ˈspɪɪ̻k lau̻dlɪ]
tres ruedas [tɾes ˈrweđas]

15. 15
COALESCENT
this year /δɪʃɪəɹ/
She needs you / ʃɪynɪyʤʊ/
Does your… /dəʒəɹ/
I let you /aylɛʧʊ/
what’s your… /wəʧəɹ/
Would you /wʊʤʊ/

16. 16
It is when a sound disappears or is not clearly articulated under certain
circumstances.
-cluster (-stop) + consonant-
wild man /waylmæn/
(elision, ellipsis, omission)
L’elisione è la caduta della vocalle finale di una parola di fronte alla
vocale iniziale della parola successiva.
d’ora in poi /dɔɾa in pɔy/

17. 17
SYNCOPE
It is when an unstressed sound or syllable is dropped out in a multisyllabic word.
interesting [ˈɪntəɹəstɪŋ]
aspirine [ˈæspəɹɪn]
natividad /natibiˈdad/

18. APHESIS
It is the loss of an unstressed initial vowel or syllable. It occurs in informal speech.
‘tonces /enˈtonses/
‘cause /bɪˈkəz/
‘bout /ˈəbawt/

19. è la caduta della parte finale di una parola.
a cavallo donato
cuore di leone
buono ragazzo

20. è il fenomeno per cui determinate consonanti iniziali di parola, quando
nella frase vengono a trovarsi di seguito a determinate parole uscenti in
vocali, si pronunciano come se fossero scritte doppie
nè questo nè quello /ˈneˈkkwɛstoˈneˈkkwɛllo
mangiò tutto /manʤɔˈttutto/
è vero /ˈɛˈvvɛɾo/
Tutti I monosillabi tonici, anche se non portano l’accento scritto:
che fai/keˈffay/ chi viene /kiˈvvyɛne/

21. 21
It is the insertion of a vowel or consonant segment within a word.
places /ˈpleysɪz/
handed /ˈhændɪd/
seres /ˈseɾes/

22. 22
It is the transposition of speech sounds.
ask /ˈæks/
murciélago /muɾˈsyegalo/

23. 23
it is the addition of an extra consonant to the end of a word
middes -> midst /ˈmɪdst/
claro /ˈklaɾof/

25. Pablo A. Mejía Maldonado. Esp, MSc. Quito - Ecuador
classprosei.wix.com/classpro
classpro.ec@gmail.com
(593) 0983 759 738