The Disaggregation of Higher Education

The Disaggregated Future of Educa3on Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Internet David Wiley, PhD Department of Instruc3onal Psychology & Technology Brigham Young University CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Trucker Tale A parable of ingenuity and despair CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

CC BY http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/farleyj/2768941171/ Friday, June 12, 2009

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/pagedooley/2810314243/ CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

CC BY http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/chicagoeye/2710749425/ Friday, June 12, 2009

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/striatic/2192192956/ CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

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CC BY http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/ﬂissphil/245158736/ Friday, June 12, 2009

Terms of Distribu3on Surrender rights to the product Truckers keep 100% of all sales Perpetual deal, no review or modiﬁca3on CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/glutnix/47989973/ CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Moral of the Story This is a tale about faculty and their research CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

• Come up with ideas for research, • Find grant funding for the research, • Iden3fy and hire graduate students and other professionals, • Conduct the research, • Write up the results of the research in a clear and concise manner, and • Surrender all rights to the wriPen results of the research to a publisher. CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Open Access Movement Free Online Access to Research Ar3cles CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Stewardship of Public Funds If the taxpayers funded the research, the results belong to the taxpayers CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Public Investment in Research $105,385 to $119,913 per ar3cle (US NIH‐funded research) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Publisher Investment in Research $2750 per ar3cle, including administra3ve and all other costs CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Does This Make Sense? Publishers make approximately 2% of the overall investment CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Unbelievable Proﬁts Elsevier + LexusNexus = $1,500,000,000 in 2008 (Not revenue ‐ proﬁt) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Have You or U of S Ever Been Paid? (You also do all the reviewing and edi3ng) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

US NIH Public Access Mandate Ar3cles must be placed in PubMed Central upon acceptance CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Otherwise, You Pay Dozens of Times Once to fund the research, and then over and again for each library CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Advance the Field / Bless the World BePer access catalyzes the development of new knowledge more quickly CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

“The Faculty of the MassachusePs Ins3tute of Technology is commiPed to dissemina3ng the fruits of its research and scholarship as widely as possible. In keeping with that commitment, the Faculty adopts the following policy: Each Faculty member grants to the MassachusePs Ins3tute of Technology nonexclusive permission to make available his or her scholarly ar3cles and to exercise the copyright in those ar3cles for the purpose of open dissemina3on.” MIT Faculty Open‐Access Policy CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Advance the Field / Bless the World BePer access catalyzes the development of new knowledge more quickly CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Secret History of Open Access A story of disaggrega3on: 1000 ‐ 1600 CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Restric3ng Access to the Bible When policy and technology collide CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

11th Century Vernacular transla3ons of the Bible forbidden CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

12th Century Possession or memoriza3on of scriptures forbidden CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

14th Century Wycliﬀe ﬁnishes English transla3on CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

15th Century Anyone caught reading the English Bible will quot;Forfeit land, caPle, life, and goods from their heirs forever.quot; CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

A Kinder, Gentler DMCA And all this before publishers even came into existence! CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

15th Century Gutenberg, the prin3ng press, and metallic movable type CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

15th Century The church leverages technology to print indulgences at scale for a frac3on of the cost CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

16th Century English and German Bibles are mass‐ produced and pirate Bibles are smuggled in ﬂour sacks and coPon bales CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

16th Century Empowered with access, people won’t tolerate foolishness (indulgences) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

16th Century Luther’s 95 theses CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

quot;They preach only human doctrines who say that as soon as the money clinks into the money chest, the soul ﬂies out of purgatory... Any truly repentant Chris3an has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without indulgence lePers.quot; CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

16th Century Luther and others work to reform from the inside, but #fail CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

16th Century Protestant sects form and the Church loses membership and revenue CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

17th Century 30 Years War ends Pope's pan‐European poli3cal power CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

17th Century Popular reforms carried out (too liPle too late for most) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Morals of the Story ‐ Don’t bet against the transforma3ve power of informa3on technology ‐ You’re going to end up adap3ng anyway, why not do it on your own terms? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Skipping Ahead a Few 100 Years Could something like this happen again? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

“The World is Changed” Galadriel, Lord of the Rings CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

It’s Actually Worse (or BePer) The World is Changing CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Analog ⇒ Digital Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers, Movies, Journals, Communica3ons, Intelligence, Defense CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Tethered ⇒ Mobile Phones, Internet Access, Employment CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Isolated ⇒ Connected People, Content, Systems CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Generic ⇒ Personal Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Consuming ⇒ Crea3ng Radio / Podcas3ng, Newspapers / Blogs Movies / Vodcas3ng CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Closed ⇒ Open Souware (OSs, Applica3ons), Data (Weather, GIS), Content (Blogs, Wikis) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Then vs Now Analog ⇒ Digital Tethered ⇒ Mobile Isolated ⇒ Connected Generic ⇒ Personal Consump3on ⇒ Crea3ng Closed ⇒ Open CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Educa/on vs Everyday Analog ⇒ Digital Tethered ⇒ Mobile Isolated ⇒ Connected Generic ⇒ Personal Consump3on ⇒ Crea3ng Closed ⇒ Open CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

“Daily Divide” Is a Huge Threat And the wider the disconnect, the bigger the threat to higher educa3on CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

But Wait! We’re Educa4on! Our historic monopoly is (gratefully) being challenged on almost every front CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Why Do Students Come? Content, Support Services Social Life, Degrees CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Content MIT OpenCourseWare, Wikipedia, Flat World Knowledge, etc. CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Research Public Library of Science, Arxiv.org, Google Scholar, etc. CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Support Services ChaCha, Yahoo! Answers, RateMyProfessor, Email, Instant Messaging, TwiPer, etc. CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Social Life Facebook, MySpace, MMOG, iPhone loca3on‐aware apps, etc. CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Degrees MCSE, RHCE, CCNA CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Monopoly Is Being Busted Everything we provide is now oﬀered by someone else CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

When Ins3tu3ons Specialize They usually provide bePer quality at a bePer price CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Higher Ed, On the Other Hand 76% increase in cost over 10 years How’s our quality? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Industries Failing Everywhere Banks, Insurance, Automobiles Higher Educa3on? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

A Bail Out for Higher Ed? More like double‐digit budget cuts CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

No Monopoly and No Bail Out How can we innovate to stay relevant? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

What About E‐learning? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

What About E‐learning? Quite innova3ve in 1995! CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Characteris/cs of E‐learning Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Crea3ng Closed or Open CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Openness is the Cornerstone Openness underpins everything interes3ng happening online and is “what they know” CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Why Make Such a Claim? Let’s ask Alexa what the 50 most popular sites on the web are… CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Sites Where Anyone Can: Share a video, share a photo, share a blog post, share their personal info, share their ra3ngs, share their ﬁles, share their exper3se CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Characteris/cs of E‐learning Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consump/on or Crea3ng Closed or Open CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Connec3ng You can’t connect to something if you don’t have access to it CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Personalizing You can’t adapt or localize something if you don’t have the rights to modify it CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Crea3ng You won’t be crea3ve if there’s no outlet for your work CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

How Might We Open Things? Once again there is a demand for greater access CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Open Access Movement Providing access to the research created at the university CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

The Open Educa3on Movement Providing access to the teaching and learning materials created at the university CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Connec3ng and Openness Sharing some experiments CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Crea3ng and Openness Sharing some experiments CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Being Even More Open Sharing some experiments CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Character Classes • Bard (Master of the lore, history, and poli3cs of the ﬁeld, know what's “out there”) • Ar3san (Has materials produc3on skills in all the necessary Web 1.0 and 2.0 tools like HTML, video sharing, podcas3ng) • Monk (Master of copyright and licensing arcana and defender of the university brand) • Merchant (Deals with short‐ and long‐term sustainability issues) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Educa3on Will Eventually Be Open And involve connec3ng, personalizing, and crea3ng ‐ just like everything else does CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Will Your University Be Open? Can your school ﬁnd the ins3tu3onal will to change? Or will you ﬁght a 30 year war, lose, and change anyway? CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Ins3tu3onal Disaggrega3on MIT OpenCourseWare, Western Governors University CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Value of Integra3on? As compared to “specialized pieces loosely joined” CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Not a Technology Problem Look around the Internet – not only do the technologies we need exist, they’re open source CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

This Is a Policy Problem Higher educa3on is behaving like the recording and movie industries CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Policy To Defend Tradi3on Rather than innova3ng CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

You Must Engage in Policy Reform Ignoring the problem is not a strategy CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

“It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.” W. E. Deming CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Student Learning May Suﬀer The market will likely meet students’ increasingly unmet needs CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Your Employment Will Suﬀer When your ins3tu3on collapses as Googlers ﬁnd bePer alterna3ves CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

“The last tempta4on is the greatest treason, To do the right deed for the wrong reason.” Archbishop Thomas BeckeP (T. S. Eliot) CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Innovate for the Students To fulﬁll your sacred trust as a teacher CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

Thank You! david.wiley@byu.edu hPp://davidwiley.org/ CC BY Friday, June 12, 2009

http://blog.hansdezwart.info	5150
http://www.techgig.com	243
http://nogoodreason.typepad.co.uk	187
http://opencontent.org	50
http://cloudworks.ac.uk	12
http://www.slideshare.net	9
http://translate.googleusercontent.com	3
http://static.slidesharecdn.com	3
http://engineeringrevision.com	1
http://disco.open.ac.uk	1
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The Disaggregation of Higher Education

by David Wiley

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