Presented by: Jonah Ratsimbazafy SESSION VI: PLENARY –PILLARS FOR NATIONAL ADAPTATION PLANS The session will examine a few case studies of how a particular issue of prime importance for a country can be the main entry point or pillar of the adaptation work, after which all other issues would then be considered. Three examples will be covered. Madagascar is a well-known centre of biological biodiversity. Addressing climate change through adaptation must consider the dynamics of this biodiversity including closely related stress factors such as poverty, pressure on land due to deforestation, shifting viability of the main cash crops when climatic conditions change, etc. Two other examples are on taking a regional approach to the assessment and development of adaptation responses in the context of hydro-energy. In other cases, a focus on community-based adaptation has been very successful, as is the case for Bangladesh.

1. Biodiversity conservation as a
pillar for a national adaptation
strategy
14 July , 2016
NAP Expo 2016
Bonn -- Germany
Jonah Ratsimbazafy
Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar

3. Madagascar and
Indian subcontinent
separate
GONDWANA: 85 million years ago

5. Madagascar
2% of Africa
2.9% of South
and Central America
3.2% of Tropical Asia

6. 6
Madagascar Flora
Taxonomic
levels
Number Endemic
Family 180 8
Genus 1000 20%
Species 12 000 84%

9. 9
Madagascar
Insects

10. EXTANT FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL
VERTEBRATES OF MADAGASCAR
TOTAL NUMBER TOTAL NUMBER OF PER CENT
OF SPECIES ENDEMIC SPECIES ENDEMISM
BONY FISHES
FROGS
TURTLES
LIZARDS
SNAKES
CROCODILES
BIRDS
MAMMALS
Totals
NON-VOLANTS
NON-VOLANTS, NON-FISHES
143
199
8
234
87
1
209
131
1012
773
630
93
197
5
229
86
0
109
119
838
719
626
65
99
63
98
99
0
52
91
83
93
99
(Goodman & Benstead, 2003, 2005)

12. 92% endemic

15. LEMURS: THE MADAGASCAR’S GOOSE
LAYING GOLDEN EGGS

16. 100%
endemic
Lemurs
5 family
15 genus
110 species

17. The single
highest major
primate
conservation
priority

18. • Deforestation
• Wildfire
• Invasive species
• Overexploitation
• Trading of wild species
• Pollution
Human related activities
Biodiversity threats

19. Natural causes
• Climate change: frequent
drought and cyclone
• Thunder, natural fire
Biodiversity threats

20. Underlying Causes
• Poverty
• Demographic pressure
• Bad governance
• Political instability
Biodiversity threats

22. Green & Sussman 1990
Original 1950 1973 1985

23. 90+%
loss
Natural habitat remaining
~~ 50 – 60.000 km2 ~~

24. 24
- High level of diversity and
endemism
- Continued threat and loss
of biodiversity
- 34 terrestrial and 11
marine hotspots in the
World, including Madagascar
Biodiversity
hotspots

25. The Challenge
Conservation in Madagascar
- Huge island with poor
infrastructure
- Most of the population rural,
isolated, and very poor
- Little or no effective government
outside towns
- Peaceful though politically
unstable
- Cyclones

26. But we are up to the
challenge!

27. Copenhagen Climate Conference
December 2009

32. Local community involvement

33. Local people are first and last
defence
- Especially relevant because of
weak government control
- We strongly believe that the
development of local capacity for
conservation is essential for the
future of biodiversity
conservation in Madagascar.
Capacity building

36. 36
one of the main strategies to conserve, protect and manage
these threatened biodiversity
Protected areas
- an area of land and/or sea
especially dedicated to the
protection and maintenance of
biological diversity, and of natural
and associated cultural resources,
and managed through legal or
other effective means

39. The WORLD LEMUR FESTIVAL
October 28 – 29, 2016

42. Communicate your Results

44. The 5th International Prosimian
Congress 2013, Ranomafana
Madagascar