Cryogenic rocket engines use cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that are stored at very low temperatures. They provide high energy and are clean-burning but require complex engineering to handle the highly reactive cryogenic fuels. The document discusses the history and development of cryogenic rocket engines, how they work using a staged combustion cycle, their advantages of high energy and clean fuels, and disadvantages like leakage issues. It also covers India's achievements in developing its own cryogenic engines like the CE-7.5 and CE-20. Currently only a few nations including the US, Russia, China, France, Japan, and India have mastered cryogenic rocket engine technology.

1. CRYOGENICROCKET
ENGINE

2. Contents
 Cryogenics – (word) Origin
 History
 Introduction
 Construction
 Working
 Advantages – Disadvantages
 Applications of Cryogenics
 Daily Uses
 India’s achievements
 Future projects by India
 Conclusion

3. Cryogenics - Origin
 The word Cryogenic origins from the
Greek , meaning “production of freezing
cold”.
 Branch of physics and Engineering
involving study of very low temp. , how to
produce and how materials behave at
those temperature.

4. HISTORY
 Space travel was developed by the Russians and the
Americans. Russian’s were the first to reach space.
 During World war II , cryogenics advanced . Metals
frozen to low temp. showed more resistance to wear.
 1st operational cryogenic engine – used in 1950’s
the RL-10(in V2 Rocket).
 Liquid propellants are used in current rockets.

5. Introduction
 A cryogenic engine is a rocket engine that uses
a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer , that is, its fuel or oxidizer
are gasses liquefied and stored at very low
temperatures.
 Rocket engines need high mass flow rate of both
oxidizer and fuel to generate a sufficient thrust.
 The liquid oxygen (LOX) oxidizer and liquid hydrogen
(LH2) fuel combination is one of the most widely used.

6. RL 10 Cryogenic Engine

8. Construction
 The major components of a cryogenic rocket engine
are:
a) Combustion chamber
b) Pyrotechnic igniters'
c) Fuel injector
d) Fuel turbo-pumps
e) Gas turbine
f) Control valves
g) Regulators
h) The fuel tanks
i) Rocket engine nozzle

10. Working
 It involves a complicated ‘staged combustion cycle' to increase the engine
efficiency.
 Hydrogen is partially burnt with a little oxygen in a gas generator. The hot
gases drive a turbo-pump and are then injected at high pressure into the
thrust chamber where the rest of oxygen is introduced and full combustion
takes place.
 Before going to the gas generator, the incredibly chilly liquid hydrogen is
used to cool the thrust chamber where temperatures rise to over 3,0000 °
Celsius when the engine is fired.

11. Advantages
 High Energy per unit mass
 Clean Fuels
 Economical

12. Disadvantages
 Highly reactive gases
 Leakage
 Zero Gravity Condition
 Hydrogen Embrittlement

13. Applications of Cryogenics
i. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
ii. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
iii. Electric power transmission in big cities
iv. Frozen food
v. Forward looking infrared (FLIR)
vi. Special effects

14. Daily Uses
 Door Locks and Keys last considerably
longer since the Cryogenic
Treatment enhances the wear properties of
the brass tumblers inside the locks.
 Lawn tools and Lawn Mower Blades will stay
sharp longer and require less effort to re-
sharpen.

15. Future projects By India
 The ISRO proposed to launch Chandrayan-II in 2017.
 Development of Semi-cryogenic by LPSC of ISRO in
Mahendragiri with
the success of
GSLV-D5.

16. India’s Achievement
 Successful launch of GSLV-D5
on January 5th 2014.
 Reason for previous failure :
The GSLV D5 rocket had a
leak in its liquid tank .
 After toiling 20 years India
developed the C.E-20 ,C.E-7.5
Cryogenic engine.

17. Conclusion
 Currently only the
United States (SSME , J2 , RL-10 , RS-68 , RS-83)
Russia ( (RD-0120 , RD-0146)
China( YF-50t , YF-73 ,YF-75 , YF-77)
France
Japan(LE-7 / 7A , LE-5 / 5A / 5B) and
India (CE-7.5 , CE-20) have mastered cryogenic rocket
technology .
 Finally the world of cryogenics is quite a lot useful and

18. References :
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar tree
 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar energy
 http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wm6uAIiuCc8C&
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/renewablesenergies
 http://library.thinkquest.org/

19. Thank you for listening patiently.