1. China, Resources, and the Circular Economy Center for Industrial Ecology Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies 耶鲁大学森林与环境学院产业生态学中心 Prof. Marian Chertow Presentation to: Mandarin China – Yale Educational Travel October 2008
8. Oil, coal, natural gas supply and demand Oil Natural gas Coal Production Consumption Source: BP Statistical Review, 2008
9.
10. “ Industrial ecology is the study of the flows of materials and energy in industrial and consumer activities, of the effects of these flows on the environment, and of the influences of economic, political, regulatory, and social factors on the flow, use, and transformation of resources.” Defining Industrial Ecology Robert White NAE 1994
11. From a traditional perspective to an -industrial ecology perspective Industrial System Natural System Natural System Economic System
12. Industry Embedded in Nature Source: R. U. Ayres, 1993 REALM OF THE MARKET water for drinking, washing, cooking & sewage irrigation water respiration, transpiration ozone for combustion (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle) photosynthesis rain recycling water for flotation minerals, fuels food, fiber nutrient recycling to landfills, oceans ground water, rain photosynthesis soil organisms, pests, etc. algae bacteria fungi worms insects birds etc. surface, ground from public or unowned land from private property cultivation & husbandry on private land hunting, fishing, grazing on common land air for combustion combustion products garbage, refuse, sewage products, services AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY SUN AIR SCENERY, "ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONING” HOUSEHOLDS & "PERSONAL CONSUMPTION” WATER MANUFACTURING, CONSTRUCTION, TRANSPORT DISTRI- BUTION SERVICES WASTE DISPOSAL BIOTA MINING & DRILLING decay orga- nisms industrial wastes process water
13. Natural System Economic System Economic System Natural System Natural System Economic System
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. A new industrialization model…for reconciling China’s twin goals To increase economic growth and social welfare 2000 2010 2020 2050 To decrease resource consumption and pollution Revised from: Prof. Zhu Dajian
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. Enterprise level flows - A profile Waigaoqiao Power Plant Power Station Industrial Activity: Power generation Footprint/Physical Size: 144 hectares MATERIAL INPUTS 5.9 million tons/year high sulfur coal ENERGY REQUIREMENTS N/A (Energy producer) WATER REQUIREMENTS 14*10 10 L/year saltwater (cooling) Freshwater (purified) for steam PRODUCTS 14.8 Billion kWh per year Electricity NON-PRODUCT OUTPUTS/WASTES CO 2 16 million tons/year SOx 105,000 tons/year NOx 140,000 tons/year Elevated temperature wastewater 14*10 10 L/year Fly Ash & Bottom Ash 570,000 tons year Waste solvents (cleaning) Waste oil
24. Material Chains: Guitang Group, Guigang City, Guangxi Autonomous Region Source: Q. Zhu and R. C ô t é , 2004
25. “ In an industrial ecosystem, the consumption of energy and materials is optimized, waste generation is minimized, and the effluents from one process serve as the raw material for another” R.A. Frosch, and N. Gallopoulos, Strategies for manufacturing Scientific American, 260 (3), 144, 1989
26. Sludge (treated) Liquid Fertilizer Farms Cement; roads Fish farming Water Water Water Fly ash Heat Scrubber Sludge Gas Steam Steam Sulfur A-S Bioteknisk Jordrens Sludge Steam Cooling water Statoil Refinery Lake Tissø Boiler water Yeast slurry Recovered nickel and vanadium The Industrial Ecosystem of Kalundborg, Denmark Energy E2 Power Station Pharmaceutical Municipality of Kalundborg District heating Wall-board Plant Sludge (treated)
![Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)