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The Landscape of
K-12 Online Learning

   Michael K. Barbour
     Assistant Professor
    Wayne State University
Abstract
This session will examine the current state of
K-12 online learning in the United States.
Based on information from the International
Association for K-12 Online Learning, along
with the annual Keeping Pace with K-12
Online Learning reports and other historical
documents, this session will trace the growth
and development of K-12 online learning
activity and policy over the past two decades.
History of K-12 Distance
       Education
Correspondence Education
• British Columbia
  (Canada) in 1919

• The Correspondence
  School (New Zealand) in
  1922

• University of Nebraska-
  Lincoln (United States)
  in 1929
Educational Radio
• Used extensively
  in mid-western
  United States
  (1929 – Ohio /
  1931 – Wisconsin)
  and Australia
  (1948)

• Still in use today
  in many African
  nations
Instructional Television
• Matured in the United
  States with the Midwest
  Program on Airborne
  Television Instruction in
  1961

• Used primarily as a
  supplement to
  traditional face-to-face
  teaching
Audiographics/Telematics
• Used extensively
  in Australia and
  Canada

• Pre-cursor to
  computer-based
  distance
  education
Online Learning
History of K-12 Online Learning
     in the North America
United States
Describing Primary & Secondary Online
               Learning
Models of Primary & Secondary
       OnlineLearning
Model of Supplemental Online Learning




                           (Davis, 2007)
Model of Full-Time Online Learning
Three Roles of Teachers in Online Learning
Virtual School Designer: Course
 Development
•design instructional materials
•works in team with teachers and a virtual
school to construct the online course, etc.


Virtual School Teacher: Pedagogy &
 Class Management
•presents activities, manages pacing, rigor,
etc.
•interacts with students and their facilitators
•undertakes assessment, grading, etc.

Virtual School Site Facilitator:
 Mentoring & Advocating
•local mentor and advocate for student(s)
•proctors & records grades, etc.

                                     Davis (2007)
Canada




(Barbour, 2010)
Canada
• In British Columbia the funding
  follows the student

• If a student between Grades 10
  and 12 wanted to take six
  courses in a regular school and
  two courses through a DL
  school, the Ministry would
  fund:
   – the regular school 6 times
     0.125 FTE
   – the DL school 2 times 0.125 FTE
   – the regular school may claim
     one funded support block per
     student per year
Canada
New Zealand
                                   e-Learning Cluster
                                         Map
                                           +
                                 Te Kura The Correspondence
                                      School nationwide
                               http://www.correspondence.school.nz/superviso




(Minstry of Education, 2008)
20th century Virtual Schooling
New Zealand video conference class
                    e.g. Two Iowa high school classes connected via ICN




                                                                           20th century
                                                                          approach to e-
                                                                            learning ?
                                                                             (Davis et al)
VLN Video Conferencing (Joel Dodd teaching in TaraNet)
South Korea




              24
South Korea




              25
South Korea
Singapore
Singapore
Your
Questions
  and
Comments
Assistant Professor
     Wayne State University, USA
        mkbarbour@gmail.com
   http://www.michaelbarbour.com
http://virtualschooling.wordpress.com

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Bridgewater Academy - The Landscape of K-12 Online Learning

  • 1. The Landscape of K-12 Online Learning Michael K. Barbour Assistant Professor Wayne State University
  • 2. Abstract This session will examine the current state of K-12 online learning in the United States. Based on information from the International Association for K-12 Online Learning, along with the annual Keeping Pace with K-12 Online Learning reports and other historical documents, this session will trace the growth and development of K-12 online learning activity and policy over the past two decades.
  • 3. History of K-12 Distance Education
  • 4. Correspondence Education • British Columbia (Canada) in 1919 • The Correspondence School (New Zealand) in 1922 • University of Nebraska- Lincoln (United States) in 1929
  • 5. Educational Radio • Used extensively in mid-western United States (1929 – Ohio / 1931 – Wisconsin) and Australia (1948) • Still in use today in many African nations
  • 6. Instructional Television • Matured in the United States with the Midwest Program on Airborne Television Instruction in 1961 • Used primarily as a supplement to traditional face-to-face teaching
  • 7. Audiographics/Telematics • Used extensively in Australia and Canada • Pre-cursor to computer-based distance education
  • 9. History of K-12 Online Learning in the North America
  • 10.
  • 12. Describing Primary & Secondary Online Learning
  • 13. Models of Primary & Secondary OnlineLearning
  • 14. Model of Supplemental Online Learning (Davis, 2007)
  • 15. Model of Full-Time Online Learning
  • 16. Three Roles of Teachers in Online Learning Virtual School Designer: Course Development •design instructional materials •works in team with teachers and a virtual school to construct the online course, etc. Virtual School Teacher: Pedagogy & Class Management •presents activities, manages pacing, rigor, etc. •interacts with students and their facilitators •undertakes assessment, grading, etc. Virtual School Site Facilitator: Mentoring & Advocating •local mentor and advocate for student(s) •proctors & records grades, etc. Davis (2007)
  • 18. Canada • In British Columbia the funding follows the student • If a student between Grades 10 and 12 wanted to take six courses in a regular school and two courses through a DL school, the Ministry would fund: – the regular school 6 times 0.125 FTE – the DL school 2 times 0.125 FTE – the regular school may claim one funded support block per student per year
  • 20. New Zealand e-Learning Cluster Map + Te Kura The Correspondence School nationwide http://www.correspondence.school.nz/superviso (Minstry of Education, 2008)
  • 21. 20th century Virtual Schooling New Zealand video conference class e.g. Two Iowa high school classes connected via ICN 20th century approach to e- learning ? (Davis et al)
  • 22. VLN Video Conferencing (Joel Dodd teaching in TaraNet)
  • 23.
  • 30. Assistant Professor Wayne State University, USA mkbarbour@gmail.com http://www.michaelbarbour.com http://virtualschooling.wordpress.com