1. DEN 1114 Lecture 2 Professor Maria-Elena Bilello http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1B4F2V0_yYg
2. Cell Smallest living unit of organization: Epithelial cell, neuron, myofiber, chondrocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, macrophage. sperm Tissue Collection of similarly specialized cells: Epithelium, nervous tissue, muscle, cartilage, bone, blood Organ Independent body part formed from tissues: Skin, brain, heart, liver System Organs functioning together: Central nerous system, respiratory system, immune system, cardiovascular system
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29. Hemidesmosomes as mechanism for attaching the epithelium to connective tissue such as in the oral mucosa by way of the basement membrane Desmosomes as mechanism for attaching upper layers of the skin
Completely surrounds cell Is tough & resourceful ‘gate keeper”
(building blocks of protein) Cytoskeleton – creating “freeways” for movement of molecules
They keep cell alive and functioning according to genetic code
Master control of the cell
Nucleus – memory bank – stores genetic code command center – controlling the organelles
Most numberous corganelles in the cell ATP – adenosine triphosphate Site of many metabolic reactions Resemble a small bag with a larger bag inside of it - with inner folds
mRNA transcript – a DNA copy
Looks like stack of pancakes Modifies – adding carbohydrates – forming glycoproteins – like in the production of mucus removes some of the polypeptide chain and produces insulin removes part of polypeptide chain - insulin
Substances broken down – usable material diffuses out into the cell’s cytoplasm to be synthesized - like recycling indigestible material remains in lysosome and either migrates to the cell surface to be release by exocyto9sis or remains as an inclusion.
2 centrioles within the centrosome each with a triplets of microtubules arranged in a cartwheel pattern
Interior of cell nsomething between a liquid and a gel Functions like reinforced girders Microtubules are tine internal framework of cilia and flagella, centrioles and the mitotic spindle Cells that have projections for moving substances along the surface of the cell or moving the cell itself use cilia (shorter) flagella (longer) Creates ‘freeways’ highways for the movement of molecules Cilia – flagella for movement - one just bigger than the other – found in respiratory mucosa lining the nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses – move mucose coating of those tissues Sperm propelled by flagella
Edema as a result of injured tissue – inflammatory response – tissue enlargement.
Cell membranes come close together but DO NOT COMPLETELY ATTACH. Attachments appear as dense bodies Attachment plaque located in the cell Desmosome – disc-shaped and like a “spot-weld” Hemidesmosome – nail and nail beds IMPORTA||NT _ hemidesmosomes = mechanism of attachment for epithelium to connective tissue by way of the basement membrane as in oral mucosa
