This document discusses HIV/AIDS, including how it is transmitted, prevented, and tested for. It notes that HIV is a retrovirus that attacks and destroys the immune system over time. It can be transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. Prevention methods include safer sex practices and not sharing needles. HIV testing involves a blood test to detect antibodies and must include counseling. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatment can suppress the virus and prolong life. The document addresses issues around transmission, prevention, and testing.
6. HIV is a retrovirus that attacks our immune
system and destroys it over a period of time.
Only affects human beings.
beings
Its presence can only be detected with an HIV
antibody test.
test
Highly concentrated in blood, semen and
vaginal fluid ; very little in tears and saliva.
7. Acquired something that is not inherited.
Immune the body’s immune system which
fights diseases.
Deficiency not functioning properly.
properly
Syndrome signs / symptoms of illnesses.
illnesses
8. AIDS is a condition when a person’s immune
system has been destroyed by HIV so that it
is unable to defend the body from
opportunistic diseases.
These disease include Karposi’s Sarcoma
(KS), Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP),
Tuberculosis.
9.
10. Dec 2008 – 84,630 + reported HIV/AIDS cases since
1986.
71% drug users.
77% aged 20 – 39 years.
91.1% men but number of women increasing.
Male:Female ratio 1996 - 23:1
2008 - 4: 1
11. 43%
50%
35%
40%
30%
16%
20%
1% 4%
1%
10%
0%
12 to 17 13 to 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 > 50
Percentage of people living with HIV
15. HIGHER RISK LOWER RISK
Penetrative sex Oral Sex
Vaginal Anal
Penis Vagina
penetration penetration
16. Less common ways where transmission could
occur, largely due to human error or negligence
• Transfusion of HIV-contaminated blood or blood
products
• Needle-prick injuries
• Transplant of HIV-infected organs
17. Any sexually transmitted infection (STI) can
increase the risk of contracting or transmitting
HIV
With an STI you have a 5 to 10 times higher risk
of getting infected with HIV
22. • The test takes only 15 minutes.
• Completely confidential, no one can access
the results of the test without your explicit
permission.
• Pre and post-counselling
• Support and treatment if positive
23. Looks for antibodies in the blood, not the
blood
HIV virus.
Window period - the period during which
antibodies cannot be detected despite the
possible presence of HIV . Can be up to six
months but a person with HIV is infectious from
EARLY STAGE.
STAGE
Must be accompanied by pre- and post-test
counselling.
Tests conducted are confidential.
confidential
24. No cure yet due to the mutating nature of the
virus.
Much work being done on vaccines.
HAART (Highly Active Anti Retroviral
Therapy) - Suppress the virus and prolong life.
The medication/drug help to boost the
immune system.
Cost: Affordable
Vaginal microbicides - for women.
25. • Tend to be voiceless and powerless.
• Suffer from stigmatization and
discrimination. Their families also suffer.
• Very little support and care
• Need help to LIVE, not die.
27. • The physical, biological difference
between men and women.
• It refers to whether we are born female or
male.
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28. Gender Identity
• Gender identity refers to how one thinks of
one’s own gender: whether one thinks of
oneself as a man (masculine), or as a woman
(feminine).
• Society prescribes arbitary rules of gender
roles (how one is supposed to and not
supposed to dress, act, think, feel, relate to
others, think of oneself etc.) based on one’s
sex (whether one has a vagina or a penis).
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29. • Refers to :
– Whom one is sexually and romantically attracted
to
– Whether one is attracted to someone of the same
gender as self, or other gender than ones self
• Impact of Society:
– Prescribe arbitrary rules of how one should be
sexually and romantically be attracted
– Says one should not be attracted to someone of
the same gender
30. Sexuality
• In its broadest sense sexuality describes the
whole way a person goes about expressing
themselves as a sexual being; how they choose
to express that sexuality and any preference
they may have towards the type of sexual
partner they choose.
• Every survey of human sexual behaviour reveals
that there is a huge variety of sexual expression.
Human sexuality is a rich and complex area of
human experience that rarely falls into neat
categories or lends itself to simple labeling.
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32. Gender Roles
• Gender roles are learned behaviour in which
people are taught to perceive activities, tasks
and responsibilities are male or female.
• For example, men and women are said to be
‘good for certain jobs’. Some even say that it is
the fitrah of a man to be involved in ‘tough’ jobs
(Technician, professionals, the ‘boss’, driving big
machinery, supervisory) while the fitrah of the
women is to be gentle, nurturing, caring, soft-
spoken and are suited for more ‘sedate’ work
(home makers, teachers, nurses, social
workers).
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Fellation I s oral sex performed upon the penis; is commonly referred to as a blow job. Cunnilingus Is the act of using the mouth, lips, and tongue to stimulate the female genitals
