This presentation is a review material

1. ARVIN RAY M. DELOS SANTOS, RMT
MPH -1 LYCEUM NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

2. OBJECTIVES
 To learn the basics of HIV / AIDS
 To understand how can we control
and protect ourselves from the
spread of HIV

3. Venereal
Disease
Sexually
Transmitted
Disease
Sexually
Transmitted
Infection

4. Virus
(Retrovirus RNA)
that attacks and
destroys the body’s
IMMUNE SYSTEM

5. HIV is different in structure form
other Retrovirus. The HIV viron
is 100nm in diameter. Its
innermost region consists of a
cone-shaped core that includes
two copies of the ssRNA
(positive sense) genome, the
enzyme reverse transcriptase,
integrase and protease, some
minor proteins and the major
core protein.

6. • HIV infects the T-cell of the immune system and results
in an infection with a long incubation period (10 yrs)
• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection; a disease in
which the immune system breaks down and is severely
damaged and has difficulty fighting the disease.
• People who have AIDS are likely to develop serious
infections such as opportunistic infections
• People infected with HIV progresses to AIDS when their
viral load increases and CD4 count fall below 200 or
they experience an AIDS-defining complication

7. ORAL POLIO
VACCINE THEORY
CONSPIRACY
THEORY
COLONIALISM
THEORY
HEAVENLY
THEORY

8. HUNTER THEORY
Most accepted theory.
That SIV was
transferred to humans
after chimps being
killed and eaten or
their blood getting into
hunters’ cuts/wounds.

9. BLOOD SEMEN
BREASTMILK VAGINAL FLUID

11. http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/

12. Condition of a person with HIV when the
immune system is already weak or
destroyed and the body can no longer fight
off common infection.

13. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS.
AIDS can lead to DEATH.

16. ORAL SEX – putting the
mouth on the penis (fellatio),
vagina (cunnilingus)
In general, there’s little to no
risk of getting HIV from oral
sex. Except if the oral cavity
have sores or wounds.

17. TEARS SWEATSALIVA
KISSING SHARING UTENSILS

18. SWIMMING POOLS SHARING
TOILET
MOSQUITO BITE

19. What are
the signs &
symptoms
of HIV

20. Lack of energy Unexplained
weight loss
Frequent fevers
and sweats
Short-term
memory loss
Yeast infection Skin rashes or flaky skin Herpes infection sores

23. What is an
opportunistic
infection?

24. It is an infection or malignancy that
attacks the body by taking advantage of
an immune system that has been
severely weakened by an advanced HIV
infection
Source: Avert.org

25. Lung Infection
Ex: TB
Swollen
Lymph Nodes
Fungal
Infections
Kaposis
sarcoma
Herpes Zoster Meningitis rash

26. How will I
know if I am
HIV positive?

27. A person’s HIV
status can only
be determined
through HIV
antibody testing
Source: Microsoft, Clipart

28. ♦ Provider-initiated counseling &
testing (PICT) – a situation where
doctors encourage patients to
undergo testing
♦ Voluntary counseling & testing
(VCT) – individuals willing to
undergo testing of their own free
will
Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

29. HIV testing is strictly
voluntary, confidential,
and must be accompanied
by pre- and post-test
counselling

30. Pre-test counselling
Screening Test
HIV antigen Test
HIV Screening Laboratory
Post-test counselling
Confirmatory
Test (if positive)
- Western Blot or Immunoblot
San Lazaro Hospital

31. RAPID TESTS WESTERN BLOT (Confirmatory Test)
“Gold Standard Test for HIV”

32. What if I
test
positive?

33. Seek early medical treatment
Adopt a healthy lifestyle and positive
attitude.
Regular blood test to determine CD4
count and viral load – lab tests
Adherence to anti-retroviral drugs
Treatment of opportunistic infections

34. Is there a cure
for HIV?

37. How can I
protect myself
from HIV?

38. ducation & arly detection
BSTINENCE: Do not have sex. In the case
of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age
of first sexual encounter) will help.
E monogamous: Have ONE sexual
partner
orrect and consistent use of ONDOM
and safer sex practices
O NOT inject drugs

39. The Rapidly Evolving HIV Epidemic
in the Philippines

40. Epidemic red flags
in the Philippines
High percentage of needle sharing
Source of Data: The Filipino Youth 2002 YAFS Data Sheet; UA Briefer at a Glance
 Average sexual debut for male and female:
15 years of age
Poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS and STIs
Low condom use
High STI cases
No HIV Testing

41. RECENT NUMBERS ALSO SHOW THAT THE
15-24 AGE GROUP
IS THE FASTEST GROWING POPULATION
GETTING INFECTED

42. IN THE PHILIPPINES, THE MOST COMMON
WAY HIV IS SPREAD IS THRU
UNPROTECTED SEX!!!

43. SEPTEMBER 2019: THE PHILIPPINES DIAGNOSED
1,038 NEW HIV POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS
THIS IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST NUMBER EVER
RECORDED IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
SINCE 1984
Source: HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Phils (HARP)

44. 617 OF THOSE INFECTED ENGAGED
IN HOMOSEXUAL SEX,
136 IN HETEROSEXUAL SEX,
AND 258 IN BISEXUAL SEX.
Source: HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Phils (HARP)

45. Source: HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Phils (HARP)

46. PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV
13 PREGNANT WOMEN WERE NEWLY
DIAGNOSED LAST SEPTEMBER 2019.
SINCE 2011, A TOTAL OF 355
DIAGNOSED PREGNANT WOMEN
WERE REPORTED

47. OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS
67 PEOPLE WERE DIAGNOSED
LAST SEPTEMBER 2019.
OF THAT NEW CASES 90%
WERE MALE AND ALL WERE
INFECTED THRU SEX.

48. Source: HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Phils (HARP)

49. 94%
64,564 confirmed male HIV cases
6%
4,121 confirmed female HIV cases

50. HIV STATUS IN THE PHILIPPINES IS NOW A
“NATIONAL EMERGENCY”

51. Rate of HIV infection in the PHILIPPINES
has become the highest in the
ASIA-PACIFIC REGION.