Stalin Presentation

Joseph Stalin: “Man of Steel”

Russian Revolution in Review
March 8, 1917 Women’s march in Petrograd
March 10, 1917 General strike
March 12, 1917 Provisional government takes power
March 15, 1917 Nicholas II abdicates
May 16, 1917 Kerensky heads provisional government
November 6-7, 1917 Bolshevik coup (“Peace, Land, and Bread”)
January 1918 Lenin disbands Constituent Assembly and establishes a “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”
March 15, 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed with Germany
1918-1922 Russian civil war (Red Army vs. White Army)
December 1922 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or “Soviet Union”) established
January 1924 V.I. Lenin dies
1928 Stalin wins control of the Politburo and the Communist Party

Within the party not considered as a great thinker, writer, or effective public speaker
Often described as cold, hard, and impersonal, a “grey blur”
Played only a small role in the Russian Revolution of 1917
The Rise of Joseph Stalin: “The Grey Blur”

Power struggle in 1924 following Lenin’s death between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin
As General Secretary of the Communist Party, Stalin was able to consolidate his power
Stalin appeared to provide a sense of security and direction for the future
The Rise of Joseph Stalin: “The Grey Blur”

“ Socialism in One Country”
Stalin argued for a position that came to be called “socialism in one country”
Without abandoning the global revolutionary vision of Lenin, Stalin insisted that world revolution was out of the question for present
Their duty was to create a strong socialist state, capable of defending itself against counterrevolutionaries

Stalin’s economic policies involved total state control
Political leaders identify the countries economic needs and determines how to fulfill them
To modernize the Soviet state, Stalin ushered in revolutions in industry and agriculture

“ We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it or we shall be crushed” – Stalin

Industrial Revolution
In 1926 Stalin outlined the first of several Five-Year Plans for the development of the Soviet economy
Officials chose the workers, assigned them jobs, and determined their working hours and wages
The secret police would imprison or execute those who did not contribute to to the Soviet economy
Produced fantastic economic results – by late 1930s the USSR was the world’s 3rd leading industrial power, behind the US and Germany

Agricultural Revolution
Stalin’s agricultural revolution was also successful–and far more brutal–than his industrial revolution
In 1928 government seized over 25 million privately owned farms in the USSR
Combined them into large, government-owned farms called collective farms
Stalin used terror and violence to force peasants to work on the collectives
Between 5 and 10 million peasants died as a result of Stalin’s agricultural policies
However, by 1938 more than 90% of all peasants lived on collective farms and the country had produced almost twice the wheat than it had in 1928

The Purges 1936-38
14 of 16 Army Commanders
60 of 67 Corps Commanders
3 of 5 Marshalls
8 of 8 Admirals
9 of 11 Cabinet Ministers
27 top drafters of Constitution
75 of 80 members of Supreme Military Council
The Terror

A worker who bungled a job, such as allowing a faulty transmission to pass through an assembly line was considered to have wrecked “socialist property.” This was considered sabotage and punishable by death. 5 years forced labor was considered a light sentence: What is your sentence? 25 years For what? nothing You’re lying—in our country for nothing they only give you 5 years! Poetess Tanya Khodekevich was sentenced to 10 years for writing, “you can pray freely, but just so only God can hear” The Terror

Indoctrination and Propaganda
Despite having millions of Russians killed, Stalin tried to create a myth that he was the country’s father and savior
Stalin relied on indoctrination = instruction in the government’s set or beliefs–to mold people’s minds and propaganda = biased or incomplete information used to sway people to accept certain beliefs or actions
Soviet newspapers, radio broadcasts, and art (socialist realism) used to praise Stalin, Soviet life, and Communist values
Stalin also falsified history itself through censorship and manipulation of photos and video to project a positive image of himself and the nation

Indoctrination and Propaganda Four... Three... Two... One...

Indoctrination and Propaganda Potsdam Conference before... and after... Time’s “Man of the Year”

Reaction to “The Great Terror”
Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975)
Both as a composer and a human being felt very keenly the painful moral and artistic dilemmas of living and working in a totalitarian state
Used six of his symphonies–the sixth through the ninth to express his dissatisfaction with the regime, his sense of individual and aesthetic entrapment, and his sympathy for the millions of men and women repressed by the state
In Shostakovich’s own works, these symphonies are “tombstones for the victims of Stalin”

Full Circle...
Stalin dies of a massive stroke March 6, 1953
Many greeted his death with tears and foreboding, having known nothing but his all-encompassing leadership for 35 years
Nikiita Kruschchev takes control of the Party and USSR
“ All of us around Stalin were temporary people”
Early in 1956 Khruschev delivers a lengthy speech at the 20th Party Congress in which he severely criticized Stalin for developing a “cult of personality”

Full Circle...

Full Circle...
Stalin dies in 1953
“ Destalinization” of the USSR under Kruschev

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Stalin Presentation

by matt on Jan 29, 2007

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