Dr. Jeffrey Morris Sound Resource Management Olympia, Washington, USA 360-867-1033 [email_address] The Environmental & Economic Waste Caused by Incineration Gli sprechi ambientali ed economici causati dalla pratica dell’incenerimento

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Analisi sul ciclo di vita Energia Energia Energia Energia Energia Rifiuti ed inquinamento Rifiuti ed inquinamento Rifiuti ed inquinamento Rifiuti ed inquinamento Riuso Acquisizione materie prime Materiali da lavorazione Prodotti da fabbricazione Prodotti da uso o consumo Collocamento finale in discarica, combustione riciclaggio o riuso

Energy Use: Recycled & Virgin Content Products (MJ/kg) Utilizzo di energia per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (MJ/Kg) Alluminio Plastica PET Plastica HDPE Giornali Cartone Acciaio Vetro Riciclata Vergine

Energy Savings: Recycling versus Incineration (MJ/kg) Riciclaggio Incenerimento Risparmio di energia: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (MJ/Kg) Lattine Bottiglie PET Bottiglie HDPE Giornali Cartone Latta Vasetti vetro

CO2 Emissions: Recycled &Virgin Content Products (kg eCO2/kg) Emissioni di CO2 per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (Kg eCO2/Kg) Alluminio Plastica PET Plastica HDPE Giornali Cartone Acciaio Vetro Riciclata Vergine

CO2 Emissions: Recycling versus Incineration (kg eCO2/kg) Emissioni di CO2: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (kg eCO2/kg) Riciclaggio Incenerimento Vasetti vetro Lattine Bottiglie PET Giornali Cartone Latta Bottiglie HDPE

CO2 Emissions: Composting versus Incineration (kg eCO2/kg) Emissioni di CO2: compostaggio contro incenerimento (kg eCO2/kg) Incenerimento Compostaggio Avanzi alimentari Sfalci da giardino Carta

Toxics Emissions: Recycled & Virgin Products (kg eToluene/kg) Emissioni tossiche per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (Kg eToulene/Kg) Riciclata Vergine Alluminio Plastica PET Plastica HDPE Giornali Cartone Acciaio Vetro

Toxics Emissions: Recycling vs. Incineration (kg eToluene/kg) Emissioni tossiche: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (kg eToluene/kg) Riciclaggio Incenerimento Lattine Bottiglie PET Bottiglie HDPE Giornali Cartone Latta Vasetti vetro

Toxics Emissions: Composting vs. Incineration (kg eToluene/kg) Emissioni tossiche: compostaggio contro incenerimento (kg eToluene/kg) Sfalci da giardino Avanzi alimentari Carta Compostaggio Incenerimento

EcoToxics Emissions: Recycled & Virgin Products (kg e2,4-D/kg) Emissioni EcoTossiche per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (Kg e2,4-D/Kg) Alluminio Plastica PET Plastica HDPE Giornali Vetro Cartone Acciaio Riciclata Vergine

EcoToxics Emissions: Recycling vs. Incineration (kg e2,4-D/kg) Cartone Latta Vasetti vetro Lattine Bottiglie PET Bottiglie HDPE Giornali Riciclaggio Incenerimento Emissioni EcoTossiche: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (kg e2,4-D/kg)

EcoToxics Emissions:Composting vs. Incineration (kg e2,4-D/kg) Incenerimento Emissioni EcoTossiche: compostaggio contro incenerimento (kg e2,4-D/kg) Sfalci da giardino Avanzi alimentari Carta Compostaggio

Market Value of Recyclables – US Northwest (US$ per short ton) Valore di mercato dei riclabili - US Northwest (US$ per short ton)

Value of Pollution Reductions from Recycling & Composting Valore della riduzione di inquinamento grazie al riciclaggio e al compostaggio Giornali Carta mista Plastiche PET Altre plastiche Contenitori di ferro e rottami Sfalci da giardino e ramaglie Cartone Contenitori di vetro Plastiche HDPE Lattine in alluminio Avanzi alimentari Carta compostabile Discard Type Environmental Value (US$/metric ton) Newspapers $367 Cardboard 467 Mixed Paper 172 Glass Containers 61 PET Plastics 712 HDPE Plastics 310 Other Plastics 310 Aluminum Cans 1,607 Ferrous Cans & Scrap 17 Food Scraps 62 Yard & Garden Debris 61 Compostable Paper 52

References Dijkgraaf, Elbert, and Herman R.J. Vollebergh, Burn or bury? A social cost comparison of final waste disposal methods, Ecological Economics 50(2004) 233-247. Morawski, Clarissa, The New “Eco-Currency”: New model monetizes environmental benefits and reveals new cost savings in waste diversion, Solid Waste & Recycling , December/January 2008. Morris, Jeffrey, Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10 4 (2005) 273-284. Morris, Jeffrey, and Jennifer Bagby, Measuring environmental value for natural lawn and garden care practices, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (forthcoming in 2008). Morris, Jeffrey, Recycling versus incineration: An energy conservation analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials 47 (1996) 277-293. Rand, T., J. Haukohl, U. Marxen, Municipal solid waste incineration: A decision maker’s guide, The World Bank: Washington, DC (June 2000). Sound Resource Management, The economics of recycling and recycled materials, The Clean Washington Center: Seattle, WA (June 1993).

Dijkgraaf, Elbert, and Herman R.J. Vollebergh, Burn or bury? A social cost comparison of final waste disposal methods, Ecological Economics 50(2004) 233-247.

Morawski, Clarissa, The New “Eco-Currency”: New model monetizes environmental benefits and reveals new cost savings in waste diversion, Solid Waste & Recycling , December/January 2008.

Morris, Jeffrey, Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10 4 (2005) 273-284.

Morris, Jeffrey, and Jennifer Bagby, Measuring environmental value for natural lawn and garden care practices, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (forthcoming in 2008).

Morris, Jeffrey, Recycling versus incineration: An energy conservation analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials 47 (1996) 277-293.

Rand, T., J. Haukohl, U. Marxen, Municipal solid waste incineration: A decision maker’s guide, The World Bank: Washington, DC (June 2000).

Sound Resource Management, The economics of recycling and recycled materials, The Clean Washington Center: Seattle, WA (June 1993).

Net Societal Costs of Landfill and Incineration Disposal Costi netti delle discariche e dell’incenerimento Netherlands (Euros) Northwest US (US$) Costs per Metric Ton Landfill Incineration Inc +/(-) Lnd Landfill Incineration Inc +/(-) Lnd Gross private costs 40 103 63 Energy recovery revenue (4) (21) (17) Material recovery revenue 0 (3) (3) Net private costs 36 79 43 20 - 23 80 - 111 57 - 91 Gross Environmental Costs 26 46 20 Energy recovery offset (4) (22) (18) Material recovery offset 0 (6) (6) Net Environmental Costs 22 18 (4) (6) Net Societal Costs 58 97 39 51 - 85