3. Introduction
We are going to talk about
the Independence of
American Colonies linking
them with the situations in
Great Britain and Spain, the
Independence periods, their
consequences and the
relation with Great Britain.
5. Influence of the
Ilustration
• Ideas of Locke (theory of the
English Revolution of the
seventeenth century)
Creoles
The Creoles were the
descendants of the old Spanish
immigrant, but they born in
America.
They represented 10-15% of the
population.
• Texts of the French
Enlightenment: Voltaire,
Montesquieu and Rousseau.
• The theory pactista of Francisco
Suárez
Creoles
6. Influence of the independence
of the 13 colonies
Support of Great
Britain and USA
The thirteen colonies in North America
joined together to emancipate from the
British Empire, with the Spanish support.
Great Britain wanted to break the
Spanish monopoly of trade with the
colonies.
In 1776 each colony established a
government institution to govern
themselves.
Great Britain and the USA sold guns and
warships to the American insurgents.
Declaration of independence
The British invasions of the Río de la Plata
7. There was no power after the Creation of the Courts
and the Constitution
abdications of Bayonne
Provintial Board
Central Board
There were some setbacks with the
deputies, both peninsular and American.
The constitution benefited in some aspects
to the Americans, but also there were
many disagreements.
Regency
Government Boards
They didn't recognize
the authority of the
Regency, so they
replaced the colonial
authorities and
establish their own
government bodies.
The promulgation of the Constitution of 1812
8. Independence
Phases
First Phase (1808-1818)
Venezuela
Miranda returned from Haiti where
he got his independence .
The army of Venezuela was
supported by Britain.
He couldn't get the independence of
19th July of 1810.
The Act of the Declaration of Independence of
Venezuela
Francisco de
Miranda
9. Nueva España
Two important events: the Conspiracy
of Querétaro and Dolores’ Shouting
Morelos
Miguel
Hidalgo
Josefa Ortiz
Allende
However ,in 1811 their
heads were exposed in
Granaditas.
Aldama
He took the Miguel
Hidalgo’s role and
he proclaimed the
independence of
Nueva España
10. He wanted to conquer
Paraguay but he was
defeated in Paraguarí
and Tacuarí
Paraguay
Argentines began their struggle to
conquer Paraguay in 1810
Belgrano
Iturbe
Fernando VII
He was supported
by landowners
and traders
Dr. Francia
He was supported by
peasants, labourers,
military officers and
farmers
Caballero
Yegros
They defeated Governor
Velazco in 14th and 15th 1811.
Independence was declared on
May 17th 1811
11. Chile
Chile had to confront with the
troops of viceroy ship of Peru.
.
The most important event in Chile was:
the phase of ‘Patria Vieja’
This produced :
- Military disaster
José Miguel Carrera
Bernardo O’Higgins
- Carrera’s political ambition
- Disagreement between the colonies
and the Spanish monarchy
Juan Martínez
de Rozas
12. Second Phase (1818-1824)
The collapse of the Spanish sovereignty.
The most important battle was the Battle of
Ayacucho.
It is secured the independence of Peru
and ensured independence for the rest of
South America.
The Battle of Ayacucho.
Pampa de La Quinua, Peru.
13. The most important people in the
independece of South America
He was a Argentine general and the
prime leader of the southern part of
South America's successful struggle
for independence from the Spanish
Empire.
Their campaigns were decisive for
independence's Argentina, Peru and
Chile.
Joining forces, the Chileans and
Argentines soundly defeated the
Spanish at the Battle of Maipú.
14. He was a military and political leader.
He was born in 1795, in New
Granada.
He carried out the Independence of
Colombia (Nueva Granada in 1819).
He entered the struggles for
independence in Venezuela and
Colombia
Also Bolivar freed Venezuela with victory
of Carabobo
Liberator of Ecuador and Peru.
15. Venezuelan revolutionary.
Francisco de Miranda attempted to
liberate his homeland with British help.
Miranda returned in 1810 to head up the
First Venezuelan Republic.
He is regarded as a forerunner of Simón
Bolívar
Francisco de Miranda
16. Consequences
Effects of independence of the Spanish
colonies in America were economics,
society, government and politics.
Congress of Panama (1826).
The colonies depended economically of
France and England.
There were many characteristics that can
be synthesized in three points:
Federation Gran Colombiana
Disaster in the social stability
The political independence didn't
determined the economic
independence
17. Questions
• Who were the Creoles?
The Creoles were the descendants of
the old Spanish immigrant, but they
born in America.
• What countries supported the
American Independence?
-
France and USA
Great Britain and USA
Morocco and India
• Which countries couldn’t get
the independence in this
period?
Puerto Rico, Cuba and Philippines
• What ideology did Morelos
follow?
- Miguel Hidalgo’s ideology
- Aldama’s ideology
- Allende’s ideology
• Which were some of the
consequences?
- The political independence didn't
determined the economic
independence
- Criollos monopolised the power and
the wealth, and they didn't pay taxes.
- Trade monopoly disappeared
18. • Link these men with their countries
1. Venezuela
2. Provincias del Rio de la Plata
Sucre
3. Chile
Simon Bolivar
4. Paraguay
5. Nueva España
6. Colombia
San Martín
7. Peru
O’Higgins
Miranda
Belgrano
Morelos
Dr. Francia
Miguel Hidalgo
