The document summarizes several famous Estonian composers from the late 19th and 20th centuries, including Rudolf Tobias, who was the first Estonian to receive a professional musical education and wrote the country's first instrumental works; Artur Kapp, one of the first professional Estonian composers who studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory; Gustav Ernesaks, a composer and choir conductor who played a key role in Estonia's Singing Revolution; Veljo Tormis, regarded as one of the greatest living choral composers who based many of his over 500 choral works on traditional Estonian folk songs; and Arvo Pärt, a classical composer known for his minimalist style who pioneered a
![Rudolf Tobias (1873 – 1918) ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)