The document discusses the emergence of ISIL in the context of historical U.S. involvement in the Middle East since the early 20th century. It outlines that ISIL seeks to create a caliphate controlled by Wahhabist Sunni Muslims across parts of Iraq and Syria. The U.S. role in the region is described as using economic, military and cultural power to control land, labor and resources, especially oil deposits discovered in the early 1900s. The document then provides a brief historical overview of the Ottoman Empire, World War I, British and French colonial divisions, the Cold War, and the Arab Spring uprisings as important context for understanding the rise of ISIL.

1. Middle East Today: The Emergence of
ISIL

3. What is the Islamic State?
• Create Caliphate:
• Wahibist Sunni Muslims
• Control Large Parts of Northern Iraq and Syria
• Movement Spreading to North Africa
• Former Iraqi Officers Play Key role

4. The U.S. role
• U.S. is an Imperialist Power
• Uses Economic, military and cultural power to
control or strongly influence the Land, Labor
and Resources of the World
• If There Were No Oil in the Middle East,
Would the U.S. Be There??

5. A Quick Tour of the U.S. in the Middle
East
• 1. Before Oil: The Ottomans
• 2. World War I: Ottoman Empire goes Down
• 3. Britain and France Divide up the Region
• 4. Oil Becomes Increasingly Important

7. Ottoman Empire 1912

8. France & England Divide Levant

9. Oil, Oil & More Oil
• Massive Oil Deposits Discovered 1908-1930s
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1932
• Wahibist Version of Sunni Islam dominates
• U.S. & Saudis Become Great Friends
• By 1950s ME Oil Largest Producer in the World

10. Cold War (1947-1991)
• U.S. Develops Alliance System to Control the
Middle East @ Its Oil…and stop Soviet influence in the
region
Iran Resists Western Control of Its Oil: They Strike
Back….Nationalize Oil…U.S. and U.K. Overthrow the
Government of Iran in 1953 support Shah
Baghdad Pact: 1955….Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
and Turkey …. Shiite Iran Key Power in
Region

11. Chaos Develops
• Things Look Up for the U.S. and Its Allies in
1950s and 1960s… stability and dictators
Then A Bombshell: The Iranian Revolution
1979…. U.S. Loses an Ally
Saddam Hussein: Dominates Iraq, and goes to
War with Iran…. Iraq has a Shiite Majority

12. U.S. Invades Iraq 2003-2011
• Iraq Falls Apart With U.S. Invasion
• U.S. Disbands Iraqi Army
• Civil War Begins…Shiite vs. Sunni, tribe against
Tribe….. Chaos Unfolds
• ISIL Responds: Fills the vacum,e organizes an
army, begins to spread its ideas across the region

13. Arab Spring 2011
• Tuniisa: People Rebel and New Government
• Egypt: Mubarak Regime Ousted
• Libya: Guadaffi Regime Overthrown
• Syria: Civil War Begins
• Iraq War Ends
• ISIL Emerges

14. ISIL

15. Caliphate (Iraq & Syria)

17. Growing Califate

20. U.S. Intervenes