The document summarizes the political evolution and civilizations of ancient Greece from the Aegean civilization to the Hellenistic period. It describes how Greece's mountainous terrain led to the development of independent city-states and discusses the forms of government that arose, including monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracy. Key city-states like Athens and Sparta are compared and the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars that weakened Greece are outlined. The career of Alexander the Great and spread of Hellenistic civilization are also summarized.

1. Greece
The Glory that was Greece

2. ???
OHow did geography help form
the government of Greece?
ODescribe the situations in
Greece during its political
evolution
OHow did the elements of
civilization relate to one another
that contributed to the rise and
fall of civilizations?

3. Greek Civilizations
OAegean
OHellenic
OHellenistic

4. Forms of Government
OMonarchy
OOligarchy
OTyranny
ODemocracy

5. Monarchy
Undivided rule or absolute
sovereignty by a single person

6. Geography
O Mountainous terrain
O 80% non arable land

7. OHampered communication
OStimulated sea going trade
Encouraged to establish colonies
ODeveloped “polis” or city states
Independent from each other

8. Aegean Civilization
2 periods:
OMinoan
OMycenaean

9. Minoan Versus Mycenaean Aspect Minoan Mycenaean
PEOPLE Happy, peaceful war – like
SYSTEM
OF
WRITING
Linear A Linear B
ART Not an expression
of religion
In honor of the gods
ECONOM
Y
Traded from Troy to
Egypt
Sicily to Syria
Continued the
Minoan Trade
MOST
FAMOUS
KING
Minos Agamemon

10. Crete
Egypt
Sicily
Syria
Troy

11. Troy
OHas command in both sea routes and
land caravans
OThe cause of the Trojan war is
debateable:
OMycenaean Pirates attack
OKidnapping of Helen

12. Fall of Mycenae
OInvaded by the Dorian
Greeks
OGreek Dark Ages
OVital to the rise of HELLENIC
CIVILIZATION

13. End of the Monarchy
Nobles wanted the power for
themselves

14. Hellenic Civilization
800 BC – 338 BC
Hellenes – what Greeks call themselves
Culture flourished
Acropolis – highest place in the city- state
Agora - open space for people to make
trade and meetings

15. Hellenic Civilization
Society was ruled by few nobles
OLIGARCHY
Few

16. NOBLES…
OOverthrew kings
OGrabbed land
OCommoners  serfs
OOthers lived on rocky, barren soil

17. O750 – 550 BC – planted
colonies throughout much of
the Mediterranean
 Magna Graecia “Great
Greece
OUsed coined money  created
middle class

18. 2 Prominent States
OAthens
OSparta

19. Athens
SOLON
OCancelled debts of the lower class
OForbade debt bondage
OStimulated trade and industry
1. citizenship to artisans
2. Required fathers to teach their
children a trade

20. Sparta
OMilitary state
OExpanded by conquering and
enslaving neighbors
OEvery Spartan was a Soldier
OCulturally and economically
backward
OTrade was prohibited

21. OTo ensure helots/slaves would
not be contaminated of other
states’ political ideas.
Spartan League
OA group made up of oligarchic
states

22. O650 BC – Tyrants rose in many
Greek States
OBut Sparta Remained an
Oligarchy

23. Tyranny
OAll power belongs to one
person
Monarchy Tyranny
Succession Succeeded by
son
No one
Right to Rule Legal No legal right

24. Pisistratus
“Life under Pisistratus was paradise on earth”
OBanished nobles
ODistributed lands among the
poor
OMade Greece into a cultural
leader

25. Democracy
ORule of the Majority
OTo stop the Spartan threat of
making Athens into an Oligarch
state again.
OStarted by Cleisthenes

26. ODestroyed remaining power of
nobles
OOstracism  allowed the
people to banish officials who in
their belief were dangerous to
Athens

27. OIncreased # of tribes to 10 with
50 representatives per tribe 
membership in the assembly
OHowever, women and
foreigners were not given a
chance to participate
 not considered citizens

28. Review
ODiscuss the role of geography in the
formation of Monarchies?
OHow did they earn the title “Magna Graecia”?
OExplain why everyone in Sparta are soldiers.
ODifferentiate a monarchy from a tyranny.
OWhy did Greece change into a Tyranny?

29. Threats
1. Persia
O499 BC – Darius I invaded
nearby Greek colonies  Athens
sent aid
O494 BC – Darius I wanted to
punish Athens
O490 BC – Darius sent 20,000 to
Marathon but were defeated.

30. OGreeks defeated Persians
through the temporary unity of
Athens and other polis
 Delian League

31. 2. Peloponnesian War
O431 BC – Spartan League versus
Athenian Empire in
Peloponnesus
O404 BC – Sparta won. However,
conflict continued in the other
city-states.
O371 BC – Spartan Leadership fell
in the battle of Leuctra
LEFT GREEKS WEAK AND
DIVIDED

32. 3. Macedonia
OKing Philip II – father of Alexander
the great
OMacedonian King who wanted to
unify Greece under his leadership.

33. O338 BC - Athens and Thebes invaded
Macedonia but was defeated
O336 BC – King Philip II was
assassinated and was succeeded by
his 20 year old son, Alexander.

34. Hellenistic Civilization
OPhilosophical and Scientific discoveries
were applied to everyday life
OAlexandria, Egypt  most famous
Hellenistic city

35. Hellenic Hellenistic
• Development was
WITHIN Greece
• Greek Civilization
was spread through
out the world
• Other civilizations
influenced Greece

36. Alexander the Great
OTutored by Aristotle
OGrew up reading Iliad
OInvaded India, Egypt Syria,
Palestine, Mesopotamia,
Persia,…
O323 BC – Died of Malaria

37. OAlexander’s political legacy:
OTo unify the lands that he
conquered
Oto promote “concord and
partnership in the empire”
between Orientals and
westerners”

38. Philosophy
OSkeptics – an attitude of doubting the
truth of something
OCynics – ideal was on nonattachment to
the values and conventions of society

39. OEpicureanism – achieve
happiness by freeing his body
from pain and fear
OStoicism – the quality or behavior
of a person who accepts without
complaint or showing emotion.

40. Science and Math
OPythagorean Theorem
OAristarchus – earth revolved
around the sun in its own axis
OEratosthenes – first to draw
latitude and longitude

41. Theater Arts
OTragedy
OOedipus Rex
OComedy

42. Architecture

43. Doric Ionic Corinthian

44. QLeuWte’sas tlpaiol?an?ys!!?!??