Adult Children of Alcoholics MaryGrace Fisher, LLMSW, CAAC

What is an adult child of an alcoholic [ACOA]? Any person who grew up in a home with one or both parental figures addicted to drugs and/or alcohol.

Any person who grew up in a home with one or both parental figures addicted to drugs and/or alcohol.

What are typical characteristics of an alcoholic home? Fear of the unknown, of the alcoholic’s behavior(s), of losing the family system Inconsistency with daily activities (i.e. meals, parent(s) being home, sleep schedules, attendance at functions, reliability) Family acts differently inside and outside of the home All of the family’s focus is on the alcoholic Children’s and parent’s roles are confused

Fear of the unknown, of the alcoholic’s behavior(s), of losing the family system

Inconsistency with daily activities (i.e. meals, parent(s) being home, sleep schedules, attendance at functions, reliability)

Family acts differently inside and outside of the home

All of the family’s focus is on the alcoholic

Children’s and parent’s roles are confused

The Family Hero Behaviors : Is a high achiever, excels, leads, is very busy, takes on many tasks, almost never says no, responds to adults, is controlling Feelings : Anxiety, inadequacy, unworthiness, resentfulness, self-blame, loneliness As an Adult : Has an unrealistic sense of control and a need to control, needs approval, feels overly responsible or may act irresponsibly when overwhelmed Offers the family a sense of being OK

Behaviors : Is a high achiever, excels, leads, is very busy, takes on many tasks, almost never says no, responds to adults, is controlling

Feelings : Anxiety, inadequacy, unworthiness, resentfulness, self-blame, loneliness

As an Adult : Has an unrealistic sense of control and a need to control, needs approval, feels overly responsible or may act irresponsibly when overwhelmed

Offers the family a sense of being OK

The Chief Enabler Behaviors : Shelters and shields the substance-abusing family members, makes excuses for and may lie to protect the substance abuser, minimizes negative consequences, blames others for the problems, sometimes sabatoges progress towards recovery Feelings : Anger, hurt, guilt, resentment, anxiety, fear, desperation to control everything, helpless, hopeless, exhausted Offers the family a sense of stability and protection

Behaviors : Shelters and shields the substance-abusing family members, makes excuses for and may lie to protect the substance abuser, minimizes negative consequences, blames others for the problems, sometimes sabatoges progress towards recovery

Feelings : Anger, hurt, guilt, resentment, anxiety, fear, desperation to control everything, helpless, hopeless, exhausted

Offers the family a sense of stability and protection

The Family Mascot Behaviors : Acts as class clown, seeks attention through humor and acting out, uses humor to keep people at a distance, is seldom serious Feelings : Anxiety—measures self-worth by how others see him or her; anger; hurt; loneliness As an Adult : Has problems in school and at work, seldom forms intimate relationships, “clowns around” or is the “life of the party,” may develop substance abuse problems Offers the family a sense of comic relief from the pain

Behaviors : Acts as class clown, seeks attention through humor and acting out, uses humor to keep people at a distance, is seldom serious

Feelings : Anxiety—measures self-worth by how others see him or her; anger; hurt; loneliness

As an Adult : Has problems in school and at work, seldom forms intimate relationships, “clowns around” or is the “life of the party,” may develop substance abuse problems

Offers the family a sense of comic relief from the pain

The Lost Child Behaviors : Is quiet, is a daydreamer, isolates themselves, fantasizes, avoids conflict, is passive Feelings : Loneliness, fear, unworthiness, inadequacy, lack of fulfillment As an Adult : May have problems with depression and difficulty with interpersonal relationships; may have alcohol or drugs problems due to inability to cope Offers the family a sense of relief and success and is no trouble to the family

Behaviors : Is quiet, is a daydreamer, isolates themselves, fantasizes, avoids conflict, is passive

Feelings : Loneliness, fear, unworthiness, inadequacy, lack of fulfillment

As an Adult : May have problems with depression and difficulty with interpersonal relationships; may have alcohol or drugs problems due to inability to cope

Offers the family a sense of relief and success and is no trouble to the family

The Family Scapegoat Behaviors : Rebels, tests limits, breaks rules, usually gets in trouble, acts aggressively and angrily; uses AOD as an outlet and relief from pain; dresses inappropriately Feelings : Anger, confusion, resentment, inadequacy, self-blame for family problems, feeling of being “out of control” As an Adult : Typically has progressive AOD problems; has many problems throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; may have progressive involvement with the criminal justice system Offers the family a sense of purpose and provides the family with someone to blame for its problems

Behaviors : Rebels, tests limits, breaks rules, usually gets in trouble, acts aggressively and angrily; uses AOD as an outlet and relief from pain; dresses inappropriately

Feelings : Anger, confusion, resentment, inadequacy, self-blame for family problems, feeling of being “out of control”

As an Adult : Typically has progressive AOD problems; has many problems throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; may have progressive involvement with the criminal justice system

Offers the family a sense of purpose and provides

the family with someone to blame for its problems

Typical Beliefs of an ACOA Don’t talk! Fierce loyalty to the family. Don’t trust! I can only rely on myself. Don’t feel! There is no room for feelings .

Don’t talk! Fierce loyalty to the family.

Don’t trust! I can only rely on myself.

Don’t feel! There is no room for feelings .

Don’t Talk! What happens in the home and/or with the family stays in the home/family Typically never actually stated by the parent(s)…unspoken rule Protects the addict and keeps the family structure intact Prevents family shame and embarrassment Family typically behaves differently inside and outside of the home Children notice that their friends’ families act differently than theirs

What happens in the home and/or with the family stays in the home/family

Typically never actually stated by the parent(s)…unspoken rule

Protects the addict and keeps the family structure intact

Prevents family shame and embarrassment

Family typically behaves differently inside and outside of the home

Children notice that their friends’ families

act differently than theirs

Don’t Trust! Why a lack of trust? Can’t rely on the adults in your life as a child, so how can you rely on others as an adult? Don’t trust self and own instincts to be correct Don’t trust that others will follow through Rarely ask for help…fierce independence Fear of authority…loss of control to the authority figure...parents were authority figures

Why a lack of trust? Can’t rely on the adults in your life as a child, so how can you rely on others as an adult?

Don’t trust self and own instincts to be correct

Don’t trust that others will follow through

Rarely ask for help…fierce independence

Fear of authority…loss of control to the authority figure...parents were authority figures

Don’t Feel! There is no time for personal feelings…all of the focus is on the addict and what is happening with them…there is no time for the child(ren) and their feelings so children shut the feelings down/off There is an inherent acceptance and learned numbing of feelings because the child learns that the situation will not change so in order to cope, their feelings must be stuffed Learn to focus on only having feelings regarding others (i.e. worry about the alcoholic parent, fear for the family, sadness for a sibling) If I show feelings and become close with you, you will leave me anyway so it’s safer to never become close to you Belief that showing personal feelings creates a burden on the person they are being expressed towards or discussed with (people pleasing)

There is no time for personal feelings…all of the focus is on the addict and what is happening with them…there is no time for the child(ren) and their feelings so children shut the feelings down/off

There is an inherent acceptance and learned numbing of feelings because the child learns that the situation will not change so in order to cope, their feelings must be stuffed

Learn to focus on only having feelings regarding others (i.e. worry about the alcoholic parent, fear for the family, sadness for a sibling)

If I show feelings and become close with you, you will leave me anyway so it’s safer to never become close to you

Belief that showing personal feelings creates a burden on the

person they are being expressed towards or discussed with

(people pleasing)

The Inner Self Fear of being “found out.” If I get close to you, you will discover how angry and dark I truly am on the inside. I’m not going to let you in all of the way because you will leave me anyway. At my core, I’m a bad person. I’m alone! I cannot trust, talk to others, or give myself permission to have feelings beyond happy and mad. People pleasing allows for as little conflict as possible and keeps others at an emotional distance so I need to be happy all of the time.

Fear of being “found out.” If I get close to you, you will discover how angry and dark I truly am on the inside.

I’m not going to let you in all of the way because you will leave me anyway.

At my core, I’m a bad person.

I’m alone! I cannot trust, talk to others, or give myself permission to have feelings beyond happy and mad.

People pleasing allows for as little conflict as possible and keeps others at an emotional distance so I need to be happy all of the time.

Three areas ACOA’s struggle: Work Intimate Relationships Interpersonal Relationships

Work

Intimate Relationships

Interpersonal Relationships

Work Hard worker…ACOA’s generally are high achievers at work Takes on many tasks because have difficulty saying “no” due to the desire for people pleasing and need for acceptance from others Lack of appreciation for hard work creates resentments Struggles with receiving feedback and constructive criticism because it feels as though the “I’m bad” feelings are being reinforced ACOA’s strive for perfection…they don’t permit themselves to have mistakes and are their own worst critics

Hard worker…ACOA’s generally are high achievers at work

Takes on many tasks because have difficulty saying “no” due to the desire for people pleasing and need for acceptance from others

Lack of appreciation for hard work creates resentments

Struggles with receiving feedback and constructive criticism because it feels as though the “I’m bad” feelings are being reinforced

ACOA’s strive for perfection…they don’t permit

themselves to have mistakes and are their own

worst critics

Intimate Relationships Struggle with permitting self to have feelings and being able to delineate what those feelings are to their partner Struggle with feeling safe enough to be intimately close to another person…lack of trust in another person Fear that the partner will leave if they discover who the ACOA “truly” is on the inside ACOA has an expectation of being hurt and abandoned so they either sabotage the relationship or hold on so tightly that their partner leaves Constant testing of the loyalty of their partner through creating an argument where there would not normally be one

Struggle with permitting self to have feelings and being able to delineate what those feelings are to their partner

Struggle with feeling safe enough to be intimately close to another person…lack of trust in another person

Fear that the partner will leave if they discover who the ACOA “truly” is on the inside

ACOA has an expectation of being hurt and abandoned so they either sabotage the relationship or hold on so tightly that their partner leaves

Constant testing of the loyalty of their partner through

creating an argument where there would not normally be one

Myths ACOA’s Believe About Intimate Relationships If I am involved with you, I will lose me. If you really knew me, you would not care about me. In order to be loveable, I must be happy all of the time. If I am not in control at all times, there will be anarchy. Being vulnerable always has negative results. If you find out that I am not perfect, you will abandon me. See handout.

If I am involved with you, I will lose me.

If you really knew me, you would not care about me.

In order to be loveable, I must be happy all of the time.

If I am not in control at all times, there will be anarchy.

Being vulnerable always has negative results.

If you find out that I am not perfect, you will

abandon me.

See handout.

Fears that Perpetuate Intimacy Struggles I’m afraid I will hurt you. The person you see doesn’t exist. I’ll lose control… I’m ashamed of who I am. You’ll leave me anyway. You will get to know me and find out that I am not loveable.

I’m afraid I will hurt you.

The person you see doesn’t exist.

I’ll lose control…

I’m ashamed of who I am.

You’ll leave me anyway.

You will get to know me and find out that I am

not loveable.

Interpersonal Relationships Difficulty sharing emotion and feelings with others so there is a lack of closeness in relationships People please to avoid rejection, conflict, and people learning who they “truly” are on the inside ACOA’s act like chameleons and change depending on what ACOA believes the people around them want them to be. This works to prevent rejection and avoid conflict Struggle with small talk because of fear of sharing opinion and not being liked because of this opinion Struggle with sense of self

Difficulty sharing emotion and feelings with others so there is a lack of closeness in relationships

People please to avoid rejection, conflict, and people learning who they “truly” are on the inside

ACOA’s act like chameleons and change depending on what ACOA believes the people around them want them to be. This works to prevent rejection and avoid conflict

Struggle with small talk because of fear of sharing opinion and not being liked because of this opinion

Struggle with sense of self

Resources for Help Reading Materials ACOA and/or AlAnon Meetings Therapy

Reading Materials

ACOA and/or AlAnon Meetings

Therapy

Thank you for coming! Q & A

Q & A