This document discusses translation studies and contains information about: 1) Challenges in the translation process such as changes made to the text, illegible text, inconsistent terminology, errors, incomplete text, and missing references. 2) Cultural and linguistic issues that must be considered like dialects, abbreviations, jargon, idioms, slang, punctuation differences, and high context cultural references. 3) Quotes about the importance of translation in introducing other cultures and languages to forms of art and humanity, and that translation requires a creative person with a keen sense of both cultures to use translation strategies judiciously.

1. Name:Joshi Toral
Roll no:07
M.A:3
Paper:5
Translation Studies

2.  Changes made to the text during the translation
process
 Illegible or difficult-to-read text
 Inconsistent use of terminology
 Misspelled or misprinted text
 Incomplete text
 Poorly written text
 Missing references in the text
 Word-for-word it impossible
 Obvious inaccuracies in the source text

3.  Dialect terms and neologisms
 Unexplained acronyms and abbreviations
 Obscure jargon
 Obscure idioms
 Slang
 Stylistic differences
 Punctuation conventions

4.  Rtymes,puns and poetic meters
 Subtle but important properties of
language such as euphony or dissonance
 Highly specific cultural references
 Specific cult

5.  “.…most essential to any literature; partly
because it introduces those ignorant
languages to the forms of art and humanity
which otherwise they would never come to
know; and this is important gain for any
nation; but partly also it widens the
capacity for meaning and expression
possessed by one’s own language.”
 -Wilhelm Von Humbordt

6. Translation accomplished by three stages
Pre- Act of Post
translation Translation Translation
Codification Re –codification
De - codification

7. Strategies
Retention
Substitution and
Deletion Addition

8.  “Translation is a cross cultural event and
the translator has to formulate his
translation theories to translate the source
culture into the target culture.”
- “He has to be an extremely creative person
with keen sense honed up so that he can use
these procedures judiciously and make up for
the operational loss.”
- A.K Singh

9. “translation has rightly been as the
eternal Profession”
- Umashankar Joshi
“one does not translation language,
one translate the culture…”
- Casagrande

10. Submitted to,
Dept. of English,
Maharaja
Krishnakumarsinhji,
Bhavnagar University.