3. Definition
Socialization is the process through which
people learn the attitudes, values, and actions
appropriate for members of a particular
culture.
4. This topic examines:
1. the role of socialization in human
development;
2. the way in which people develop
perceptions, feeling, and beliefs about
themselves;
3. the livelong nature of the socialization
process;
4. and the important agents of socialization.
5. Socialization affects the overall cultural practices
of a society; it also shapes the images that
we hold of ourselves.
7. In early 1900’s, Charles Horton Cooley advanced
the belief that we learn who we are by
interacting with other’s a phenomenon he
called the “looking-glass self”.
8. George Herbert Mead, best known for his
theory of the self, proposed that as people
mature, their selves begin to reflect their
concern about reactions from others ----both
generalized others and significant others.
9. Erving Goffman has shown that in many of our
daily activities, we try to convey distinct
impressions of who we are, a process called
“impression management.”
10. Socialization proceeds throughout the life
course. Some societies mark stages of
development with formal rites of passage. In
the culture of the Philippines, significant
events such as marriage and parenthood serve
to change a person’s status.
11. As the primary agents of socialization, parents
play a critical role in guiding children into
those “gender roles” deemed appropriate in a
society.
12. Like the family, schools have an explicit mandate
to socialize people ---especially children ---into
the norms and values of our culture.
13. Peer groups and the mass media, especially
television, are important agents of
socialization for adolescents.
14. Socialization in the workplace begins with part-
time employment while we are in school and
continues when we work full-time and change
jobs through our lives.
15. The state shapes the socialization process by
regulating the life course and influencing our
views of appropriate behavior at particular
ages.
16. As more and more mothers of young children
have entered the labor market, the demand
for child care has increased dramatically,
posing policy questions for many nations
around the world.
19. • Anticipatory Socialization
– process of socialization in which a person
“rehearses” for the future positions,
occupations and social relationships.
20. • Cognitive theory of development
– the theory that children’s thought progresses
through four stages of development.
21. • Degradation Ceremony
– an aspect of the socialization process within
some total institutions, in which people are
subjected to humiliating rituals.
22. • Dramaturgical Approach
– a view of social interaction in which people are
seen as theatrical performers.
23. • Face-work
– the efforts people make to maintain the
proper image and avoid public
embarrassment.
24. • Gender role
– Expectations regarding the proper behavior,
attitudes, and activities of male and females.
25. • Generalized other
– the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of
a society as a whole that a child takes into
account in his or her behavior.
26. • Impression Management
• –the altering of the presentation of the self in
order to create distinctive appearances and
satisfy particular audiences.
27. • Life course approach
– A research orientation in which sociologists
and other social scientists look closely at the
social factors that influence people
throughout their lives, from birth to death.
28. • Looking-glass self
– A concept that emphasizes the self as the
product of our social institutions.
29. • Personality
- A person’s typical patterns of attitudes, needs,
characteristics, and behavior.
30. • Resocialization
–The process of discarding former behavior
patterns and accepting new ones as part of a
transition in one’s life.
31. • Rite of Passage
– A ritual marking the symbolic transition from
one social position to another.
32. • Role taking
– the process of mentally assuming the
perspective of another and responding from
that imagined viewpoint.
35. • Significant Others
– an individual who is most important in the
development of the self, such as a
Parent Friend or Teacher
36. • Socialization
– the lifelong process in which people learn the
attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate
for members of a particular culture.
37. • Symbol
• – a gesture, object, or word that forms the
basis of human communication.
38. • Total institution
– an institution that regulates all aspects of a
person’s life under a single authority, such as a
prison, the military, a mental hospital, or a
convent.
