2. Historyofthe
Historyofthe
ClassificationSystem
ClassificationSystem
Why classify organisms?
Why classify organisms?
Understand and find them
Understand and find them
more easily
more easily Taxonomy
Taxonomy-branch of biology
-branch of biology
that groups organisms by
that groups organisms by
characteristics
characteristics
Carolus Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
First to classify organisms
First to classify organisms
by physical and structural
by physical and structural
similarities-plant and animal
similarities-plant and animal
Current: 3 domains and 6
Current: 3 domains and 6
kingdoms
kingdoms
3. 3 Domains: A Broader Classification3 Domains: A Broader Classification
SchemeScheme
BacteriaBacteria: Modern: Modern
forms of bacteriaforms of bacteria
ArchaeaArchaea: Ancient: Ancient
forms of bacteriaforms of bacteria
EukaryaEukarya: Eukaryotes: Eukaryotes
(protists, plants,(protists, plants,
fungi, animals)fungi, animals)
4. Current Kingdoms
Current Kingdoms
The 6The 6 kingdomkingdom system of classification is the mostsystem of classification is the most
common:common:
EubacteriaEubacteria: Prokaryotic organisms: Prokaryotic organisms
Archaebacteria: Prokaryotic – extreme conditionsArchaebacteria: Prokaryotic – extreme conditions
ProtistProtist: Eukaryotic cells that don: Eukaryotic cells that don’t fit in the next 3’t fit in the next 3
kingdomskingdoms
FungiFungi: Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cell: Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cell
wallswalls
PlantPlant: Multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs with cell walls: Multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs with cell walls
AnimalAnimal: Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs without: Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs without
cell wallscell walls
14. Why do some
Why do someorganisms
organismshave so many
have so manynames?
names?
15. LinnaeanSystemof
LinnaeanSystemofClassification
Classification
Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
(Scientific Name)
(Scientific Name) Two-name naming
Two-name naming
Important because:
Important because:
gives a name to each organism
gives a name to each organism
that everyone can identify.
that everyone can identify.
avoid confusion of common
avoid confusion of common
names
names(dog=hound=mutt=mongrel)
(dog=hound=mutt=mongrel)
The first name represents the
The first name represents the
genus
genus and the second name
and the second name
represents the
represents the species
species..
Always written in
Always written in italics
italics oror
underlined
underlined with the first word
with the first word
capitalized.
capitalized. Canis domesticus
Canis domesticus
17. What is the
What is thevalue of giving
value of givingscientific
scientificnames to
names to
livinglivingorganisms?
organisms?
18. DichotomousKeys
DichotomousKeys
A tool used to identify
A tool used to identify
unfamiliar organisms
unfamiliar organisms
Describes physical
Describes physical
characteristics
characteristics Separates organisms into two
Separates organisms into two
groups based on shared
groups based on shared
characteristics
characteristics
19. Phylogenetic TreePhylogenetic Tree
Group similar organismsGroup similar organisms
together based ontogether based on
inherited characteristicsinherited characteristics
Each branch originEach branch origin
represents commonrepresents common
ancestors of the branchesancestors of the branches
aboveabove
20. Part IV. A systematist is exploring a planet inPart IV. A systematist is exploring a planet in
another solar system and discovers theanother solar system and discovers the
following four interesting species. Afterfollowing four interesting species. After
being told that species "A" is very primitive,being told that species "A" is very primitive,
our systematist decides to use it as the basisour systematist decides to use it as the basis
for a phylogenetic systematic analysis.for a phylogenetic systematic analysis.
CharacterCharacter
1. Eyes present1. Eyes present
2. Spines present2. Spines present
3. Eyes on stalks3. Eyes on stalks
4. "Feet" present4. "Feet" present
5. Antennae present5. Antennae present
