2. The human activity of man as man
Act of rationality of man
Involves understanding and free will
“an act which proceeds from the deliberate
free will of man” (Glenn:3)
The agent becomes responsible and
accountable of such act
A human act can be morally good or morally
evil
3. Activities of man as animal
Acts are not deliberately done nor voluntary
Performed without the free will of the agent
Includes beating of the heart, dreaming,
sensations by the five sense organs
Do not demand responsibility from the agent
Amoral acts and not subject to morality
4.
5. Human Acts Acts of Human
1. The act must
be deliberate.
1. They are done
indeliberately.
2. The act must
be free.
2. The acts are
not done freely.
3. The act must
be voluntary.
3. The acts are
done involuntarily.
6.
7. ELICITED ACTS COMMANDED ACTS
•A will-act
begun and
completed in the
will without
bodily
movement.
• Body-mind acts
which are done
to carry out the
elicited act of
the subject.
9. If there is an act, the agent has
an objective in mind.
For every act that is done, there
is always a corresponding end, or
a goal.
It is this end that gives the act a
reason for its existence.
10. Responsibility is the ability of a
person to respond to a need or
problem in a situation. That
ability to respond is an internal
quality of a person, which is free
and voluntary yet morally
obligatory in himself.
11.
12. It is a man’s natural tendency of
being attracted to what is good
and beautiful and to be repulsed
from what is evil and ugly, after
they have been presented by the
intellect.
Will is the counterpart of intellect.
13. The will is free when it acts without
any pressure from outside. It is free
when it is attracted to or repulses
anything on a natural tendency.
Free will makes the agent become
responsible and accountable for his
act.
14. Freedom of the will is the
“power which men have of
determining their actions
according to the judgment of
their reason”
- St. Thomas
15. Negative: freedom is the
absence of constriction.
Positive: freedom is the
power to be and to act
under free will and choice.
16. Our freedom is “situated” or
limited by the rights of others,
things or persons. Our
environment constricts our
freedom.
But man remains man despite the
limitations of human freedom. “Man
cannot be reduced to historicity, to
his environment, to determinism”
(Dy, Jr.:159)
17.
18. IGNORANCE
Ignorance in its object
Ignorance in its subject
Ignorance in its result
CONCUPISCENCE
FEAR
VIOLENCE
HABIT