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1. * GB785133 (A)
Description: GB785133 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improved extreme pressure lubricants
Description of GB785133 (A)
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PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventors: VERNON WARNER DAVID and VIVIAN ALEXANDER MOFFATT _f Date of
filing Complete Specification March 7, 1956.
Application Date May 25, 1955 Complete Specification Published Oct
23,1957.
a" A 7 h 5,133 No 15121/55.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 2 ( 3), C 1 B( 6: 10), C 1 C( 1 B: 5: 7
A: 8: li D), CID; and 91, F( 1: 2).
International Classification: -C 07 c C 10 Mrn.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improved Extreme Pressure Lubricants We, -" SHELL" RESEARCHLIMITED, a
British company, of St Helen's Court, Great St Helen's London, E C 3,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is-to be performed, to be

2. particularly described in and by the following statement:This
invention relates to lubricating compositions particularly suitable
for lubrication under extreme operating conditions, such as under
extreme pressure, high speed and high temperature conditions.
It is well known that the high pressures occurring in certain types of
gears and bearings may cause a film of lubricant to rupture with
consequent damage to the machinery It has been shown that lubricating
oils, such as mineral or synthetic lubricating oils, can be improved
with regard to their protective effect on rubbing surfaces, by the
addition of certain substances, so that excessive wear scuffing and
seizure, which normally follow a break in the film of lubricant, can
be prevented even under very unfavourable pressure and speed
conditions Lubricants possessing this highly desirable property are
called extreme pressure lubricants.
It is known that compounds containing certain elements, such as
chlorine, sulphur, phosphorus and lead, are capable of imparting
extreme pressure properties to lubricants and such compounds are
called extreme pressure additives Among the most effective extreme
pressure additives heretofore used are certain chlorinated or
sulphurated organic compounds.
A principal objection to the known extreme pressure additives of this
type is that they are highly reactive with metallic contacting
surfaces, particularly non-ferrous metals such as copper, causing
etching, corrosion and discoloration of said surfaces Another
objectionl to known extreme pressure additives of this type is that
they generally increase the emnulsification properties of the oil to
which they are added and this, under certain conditions, is
undesirable.
It has now been found that improved extreme pressure lubricants can be
obtained by incorporating into a-lubricating oil a minor 50 proportion
of a reaction product of a compound of the general formula RSX,
wherein R represents a hydrocarbon radical and X represents a halogen
atom,-with a compound containing an olefinic double bond Such 55
reaction products, when incorporated in lubricating oils, are not
corrosive to copper and they do not increase the emulification
properties of the oils.
The said reaction products are preferably 60 used in proportions
varying from 0 01 % to % 1 and, still more preferably, from 0 1 % to 2
%: by weight based on -the whole composition.
The lubricating oil used in the compositions 65 of this -invention can
be any natural or synthetic oil having lubricating properties Thus the
oil may-be a hydrocarbon oil obtained from a paraffinic, naphthenic,
Midcontinent or Coastal stock and/or mixtures thereof The 70 viscosity
of these oils may vary over a wide range such as from 40 SUS at 100 F

3. to 1000 SUS at 210 F The hydrocarbon oils may be blended with fatty
oils, such as castor oil or lard oil, and/or with synthetic
lubricating 75 oils, such as polymerised olefins, copolymers of
alkylene glycols and alkylene oxides, organic esters, for example di(
2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, dioctyl phthalate and triocetyl phosphate,
polymeric tetrahydrofuran and polyalkyl silicone 80 polymers, for
example dimethyl silicone polymer: If desired the synthetic
lubricating oils may be used as the sole lubricating oil or admixed
with fatty oils Moreover, the lubricating oil used may be thickened to
a grease 85 consistency with a soap or an inorganic gelling agent.
Typical classes of compounds of the general formula RSX mentioned
above are the alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl sul 90 phenyl halides The
chlorides are preferred The sulphenyl halides may be made by low
temperature halogenation of the corresponding disulphides Thus methyl
sulphenyl i I1 t _ 11 chloride may be prepared by low temperature
chlorination of dimethyl disulphide, see Chemische Berichte 83, page
87 et seq ( 1950).
Typical sulphenyl halides which may be employed are methyl, -ethyl,
propyl, butyl and amyl sulphenyl chlorides and the higher homologues
of this series, phenyl sulphenyl chloride and its nuclear hydrocarbon
substitution products, such as'p-methylphenyl sulphenyl chloride,
phenylmethyl sulphenyl chloride, beta-phenylethyl sulphenyl chloride
and cyclohexylsulphenyl chloride The corresponding fluorides, bromides
and iodides may also be used.
The preferred compounds containing an olefinic double bond to be
reacted with the aforesaid sulphenyl halides are the alklenes and
cycloalkenes, such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene, hexylene
and the higher 2 o homologues of this series, and cyclopentene,
cyclohexene, methylcyclohexene, ethylcyclohexene, hexylcyclohexene and
octylcyclohexene Compounds containing more than one olefinic double
bonrd such as butadiene, isoprene, the terpenes and cyclopentadiene
may also be employed Moreover, compounds containing substituent groups
and an olefinic double bond may be employed, for example oleic acid,
cinammic acid, maleic acid, phenylisocrotonic acid, allyl ether, allyl
chloride, trichloroethylene and geraniol Aryl-substituted alkenes such
as styrene are also very suitable olefinic compounds.
The sulphenylhalides react readily with compounds containing an
olefinic double bond to form beta-halothioethers Thus' cyclohexene and
methylsulphenyl chloride yield 2chlorocyclohexyl methyl sulphide
Styrene and ethylsulphenyl chloride yield
alpha-chlorobed-ethylmercapto-ethylbenzene The reaction products may
be used either as such or after they have been purified.
The following examples illustrate the present invention.
EXAMPLE I

4. The lubricating oil employed was a solvent refined mineral lubricating
oil having a viscosity of 160 seconds Redwood I at 140 F.
0.75 % by weight of the reaction product of cyclohexene and
methylsulphenyl chloride, viz 2-chiorocyclohexyl methyl sulphide, was
dissolved in this oil to give an excellent extreme pressure lubricant
This lubricant had a scuffing load of 95 lbs when tested in the I A E
gear rig at 4000 r p m at 70 C The scuffing load of the base oil in
the same test was only 55 lbs The I A E gear rig is described in the
Journal of the Institute of Petroleum, 1952, at page 705 et seq.
EXAMPLE II -
The lubricating oil employed was a solvent refined mineral lubricating
oil having a viscosity of 280 seconds Redwood I at 140 F.
4.6 %, by_ weight of the xeaction product of cyclohiexene and
methylsulphenyl chloride, viz 2-chlorocyclohexyl methyl sulphide, was
dissolved in this oil to give an excellent extreme pressure lubricant
When tested on the 4-ball machine, the 22 second seizure delay load
for this lubricant was 135 kilograms The 2 second seizure delay load
for the base oil in the same test was only 84 kilograms.
EXAMPLE HI
The lubricating oil employed was a solvent 75 refined mineral
lubricating oil having a viscosity of 160 seconds Redwood I at 140 F.
1.5 %o by weight of the crude reaction product of 4-octylcyclohexene
and methylsulphenyl chloride was dissolved in this oil to give an 80
extreme pressure lubricant This lubricant had-a scuffing load of 60
lbs when tested in the I A E gear rig at 4000 r p m at 70 C.
The scuffing load of the base oil in the same test was only 40 lbs 85
Compositions of this invention may contain minor proportions of other
lubricating oil additives, such as anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors
or anti-rusting compounds, wear reducing agents, blooming agents, pour
point 90 depressants, viscosity improvers and anti-foaming agents.
Antioxidants which may be used comprise several types, for example
alkyl phenols, such as 2, 4,6-trimethyl phenol, pentaethyl phenol, 95
2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-octyl phenol,
2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4methyl phenol and 2,4,6-tritertiary-butyl
phenol, amino phenols such as benzyl amino and amines, such as
dibutylphenylene diamine, 100 diphenylamino,
N-phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and
dinaphthylamine.
Examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors or anti-rusting compounds
which may be used 105 are the dicarboxylic acids having 16 or more
carbon atoms in the molecule and organic compounds containing acidic
radicals in close proximity to a nitrile, nitro or nitroso group, for
example alpha cyano stearic acid 110 Wear reducing agents which may be
used comprise esters of phosphorus acids, such as triaryl, alkaryl or

5. aralkyl phosphates, thiophosphates or phosphites and neutral aromatic
sulphur compounds of relatively high boiling 115 point, -such as
diaryl-sulphides, diaryl disulphides, alkyl aryl disulphides, for
example diphenyl sulphide, diphenol sulphide, dicresol sulphide,
dixylenol sulphide, methyl butyl diphenol sulphide, dibenzyl sulphide
and the 120 corresponding di and tri sulphides.
As an example of a suitable anti-foaming agent dimethyl silicone
polymer can be mentioned Additional ingredients may comprise
oil-soluble urea or thiourea derivatives, for 125 example urethanes,
allophanates, carbazides and carbazones, polyisobutylene polymers and
polymerised unsaturated esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols.
785,13) 785,133 Depending upon the essential additives used and
conditions under which they are used, the amount of optional additives
used may vary from 0 01 to 2 % or higher.
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* GB785134 (A)
Description: GB785134 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements relating to reservoir brushes
Description of GB785134 (A)
PATENT ' SP E CI FAI
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,134 Date of filing Complete Specification (under Section 3 ( 3) of
the Patents
Act, 1949): July 23, 1956.
Application Date: June 2, 1955.
Application Date: Jan o 0, 1956.
No 15847/55.

6. No 848/56.
"''' Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 19, A( 1 B 2: 11), J.
International Classification:-A 46 b.
C Oli PL 1 :Improvementsr rel I, PERCYJo HN HANNEY, a British subject
of 415 Archway Road, Highgate, London, N.6, (formerly rof 30 Preston
Hill, Kenton, t Middlesex), do hereby d'elare the invention, for
whiich I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
This invention relates to an improved reservoir brush which is
primarily, intended for use in touching up blemishes in the lacquered
surfaces of motor cars but which may be used for a variety of other
purposes requiring the application of a liquid to a surface, e g the
application 'of polish or varnish to fingernails.
According to my invention the improved reservoir brush comprises; a
container having an externally threaded discharge neck and a cap
member therefor, wherein the cap member is internally threaded at each
end so that either end may be screwed on to the neck of the container,
the cap member ies a multiplicity of hairs or bristles or like means
forming a brush that projects beyond one end of the cap member and two
co-axial tubes extend within the cap: member, the brush being clamped
between the two tubes and the inner tube providing a passageway for
conveying liquid from the container to the interior of the brush when
the other end of the cap member is screwed on to the neck of the
container.
My invention includes not only the improved reservoir brush above set
forth but also the cap member per se.
One form of reservoir brush in accordancewith my invention will now be
described by way of example with reference to the accompanying
drawing, in which, _Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the
reservoir brush with the brush of the cap member extending therefrom
in -operative position; Figure 2 is a similar view of the reservoir
brush with the cap member inverted so that the brush extends within
the container; Figure 3 is a partial elevational view, partly lPefce 3
s 6 d l ET'E SECIFICGATION ating to Reservoir Brushes in section, of
the assembly, shown in Figure 1, drawn to an enlarged scale, and
Figure 4 is a similar view of he assembly shown in Figure 2, pant of
the container being 50 cut away to show the brush extending within the
container.
The container shown in the drawing comprises a collapsible tube 1
having an externally threaded discharge neck 2 and the cap 55 member
indicated generally by the reference numeral 3, comprises a truncated
conical sleeve 4 that is formed of a hard plastics material and, that

7. is internally threaded at each end, so that either end of the sleeve
can be screwed 60 on to the discharge neck The sleeve is externally
ribbed or fluted to facilitate application of the sleeve ta and its
removal from the discharge neck 2 and it is provided with a central
bore 5 ' Extending through the bore 5 are 63 inner and outer co-axial
tubes, 6, 7 respectively, These tubes extend from the narrow end of
sleeve 4 and terminate short of the wide 'end of the sleeve Clamped
between -the two tubes at the narrow end of the sleeve is a 70
mulltiplicity of hairs, bristles or the like forming a brush '8 that
projects beyond the narrow end, of the sleeve, The ianner end of tube
6-is externally'fianged and the tubes are moulded into the sleeve, The
inner tube 6, in the posi 75 tion of the sleeve shown in Figures-1 and
3, places the interior of the container 1 in communication with the
interior of the brush,8.
The bore of tube,6, at its narrowest part may be about 1/16 " diameter
Sealing washers 80 9, 10 are housed at the bottom of the screwthreaded
sockets at each lend of sleeve 4.
When the improved brush more particularly described above and
illustrated in the drawing.
is not in use the cap member 3 will, be so 85 screwed on to the neck 2
of the container 1 that the brush 8 will extend into the container
with the sealing washer 9 pressed against the end, of nedck 2 A plug
member 11 is screwed.
into the outer end -of the sleeve 4 to engage 90 sealing washer 10 and
prevent passage of fluid from the container -tohrough the bore of the
t 1 1 U11 j 1:::J ' ' ' sleeve, as showni in Figures 2 and 4 When it
is desired to use the reservoir brush the plug 11, which is
conveniently shaped for easy manipiilations is unscrewed aind the cap
menber 3 is inverted so that ithe brush is brought to operative
position in which liquid may flow directly from the container 1 via
the small bore turbe 6 ito the interior of the brush 8, as shown in
Figures 1: andl 3.
The improved reservoir brush above- described and illustrated not only
has the advantage that it is of extremely simple construction and,
cheap to manufacture but also the advantage that it may be used in
any, attitude since when the force of gravity is in effective to cause
flow of liquid to the brush such flow may be ucau-sed, collapsing
thecontainer A further advantage of the reservoir brush is that, when
not in use, the bristles or the-like may be'kept immersed in liquid.
Means may be proyided for holiding the closure plug 11-captive to the
cap member 3.
The tubes 6 and 7, instead of being moulded into the sleeve 4, couldl
be a press fit therein.

8. * Sitemap
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785135 (A)
Description: GB785135 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Control for copying machine tools
Description of GB785135 (A)
PATENT SPECN' _;
1)i:, A
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,135 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification June 8,
1955.
No 16519/55.
Application made in Germany on June 10, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 40 ( 1), N 1 (A 3 A: D 3), N 3 ( 57 F:
510: V 6 A); and 83 ( 3), D 4 A 3 (A:
J 1: J 2: J 5), D 4 A 20 A, D 4 B( 17: 32).
International Classification: -B 23 bo G 08 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Control for Copying Machine Tools We, SCHIESS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of
289, Hansa-Allee, Diisseldorf-Oberkassel, Germany, a German company,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:The invention
relates to control means for copying machine tools, particularly
lathes, which in contrast with the known designs, renders possible
higher rates of feed and therefore higher working speeds.
There are known copying machine tools for the purpose of machining
curves in one or two planes, which, by actuating mechanical or

9. electromechanical coupling devices, bring about the engagement or
disengagement of driving means controlling the longitudinal and
transverse feeds For example, it is known to have magnetic couplings
controlled by a lever member or tracer The path of the machining tool
is, as we know, the resultant of these two feeds The tool supports
which, particularly in heavy machine tools, are of considerable
weight, must move in continual alternation and start and stop very
rapidly in following the movement of the tracer which scans the
contour of the pattern being copied, and in known copying devices, not
only is a very great deal of power consumed, but owing to the
graduated or stepwise coupling and uncoupling of the drive,
transmission delays arise Hence the motion of the tool proceeds by
steps and is proportionately inexact, owing to the uncontrolled
follow-up of the accelerated heavy masses In addition, owing to the
step-lilke motion and rapid changes in movement, all parts of the
machine tool, particularly electric contact parts, are very highly
stressed By reducing the copying rate, it is possible to eliminate the
inaccuracies to some extent, but this also very considerably reduces
the output of the machine tool.
It has already been proposed to adapt the direction of the resultant
motion of the tracer in following the contour of the pattern being
lPrice 3 s 6 d l copied to produce controlling impulses to control the
driving speed of the machine tool in separate co-ordinate directions,
e g by providing longitudinal and cross feeds of a machine tool with
independent feed drives which may include a Leonard set and which can
each be controlled individually in the known manner by means of a
control device such as, for example, a resistance designed as a
potentiometer If this control is correctly effected, so that the two
driving elements set precisely the path components of the tool along
the two co-ordinates, then the tool will be moved along a resultant
which will be in the desired direction corresponding to the contours
of the pattern Such a control for a lathe may be so designed that the
longitudinal and cress feeds are each individually driven and
controlled by a separate driving motor.
The purpose of the -independent control of each feed drive is then to
move the tool in the tangential direction at each point along the
curve of the path-to be followed If, for example, the tool is to run
at a speed v, at an angle ' to the longitudinal direction, then it
must be ensured through an adjustment that the longitudinal feed motor
should run at a speed Ve equal to the longitudinal component of this
speed, i e v=v, cos ', and the cross feed motor, at the same time,
should run at a speed vq corresponding with the cross feed component
of such speed, i e vq=,v sin p.
Since the two drives run simultaneously, the tool is moved at the

10. resultant speed v, in the desired direction at the angle 4.
It is further known to adjust the control means of such feed drives
incorporating Leonard sets according to the incline (angle 4 p) to be
copied, by means of stepwise switchgear or regulating motors The two
control means can be so connected with each other that when -the
control impulse for one direction, e g the longitudinal direction, is
increased, the control impulse for the direction perpendicular to it,
that is, the cross feed direction, is correspondingly reduced This can
be effected in a known manner by connecting rico 25 t'; 1, i 'I -111
the two shafts of two control potentiometers, one potentiometer having
to be coiled in the opposite direction to the other None of such known
control apparatus is very satisfactory because it is difficult to
adjust two potentiometers in such a manner that they can carry out a
precise component analysis Further, the adjusting forces are
relatively large, because in rotating potentiometers considerI 0 able
frictional forces have to be overcome, and for this reason, motors of
appreciable size have been provided to drive the potentiometers Such
arrangements also have the further drawback that the control steps can
never be made as small as desired and electric and mechanical delays
arise which impair the precision and the surface quality of the
workpiece dealt with The control according to the present invention
eliminates or reduces the drawbacks described This is achieved by
means of a double or two-directional control device, which gives very
precise settings to the tool and which requires only small forces
giving turning moments of the order of magnitude of gramme-centimetres
in order to satisfactorily control even very heavy machine tools In
addition, the apparatus according to the invention gives greater
copying precision at a considerably increased operating speed and
surface quality This considerably increases the effective output of
the machine.
It is further proposed, in the present invention, to effect the
control of a copying machine by means of a low inertia induction
toolcontrol device controlled by the movement of a tracer over the
surface of a pattern beingcopied and, in turn serving to control the
feed movement of the machine tool along two component directions,
producing a resultant movement of the tool in a direction
corresponding to the direction of movement of the tracer.
In _effect, the induction tool-control device separates or analyses
the movement of the tracer into two component motions in different or
co-ordinate directions, and hereinafter it will be referred to as a
component analyser.
Such -devices are known in control technology under various
designations, e g as teletransmission systems, follow-up systems,
follow-up controllers, after-governors, inductive metering

11. transmitters, induction control motors, etc The component analyser has
a motor-like design, having a rotor comprising a single phase coil
which is preferably supplied from the A C, mains, and a stator
carrying the control windings In a component analyser designed to
control two co-ordinates which are perpendicular to each other, the
stator is provided with two windings at 90 to-each other In each of
these two windings, according to the position of the rotor, a voltage
is induced whose maximum amplitude is proportional to the sine or
cosine of the relative angular position of the rotor If the position
of the axis of the rotor winding coincides with that of one of the
control windings, which we shall call control winding 1, then a
voltage will be induced in this control winding, but not in the
control winding 2 which is perpendicular to it If the rotor is turned
out of this 70 position, the amplitude in the control winding 1
changes according to the cosine of the displacement angle, while in
the control winding 2 a voltage corresponding to the sine of the
displacement angle of the rotor is induced 75 In this way, when the
rotor rotates about an angle 4, there is induced in the control
winding 1 a voltage proportional to cos 4 and in the control winding 2
a voltage proportional to sin 4 ', and by this rotation of the rotor
an 80 analysis of a given direction in terms of two co-ordinates can
be achieved The component analyser may be used to feed control signals
directly to the driving motors for the feed motion of the machining
tool and these driv 85 ing motors may, for example, be designed as
direct current control motors or as so-called induction control motors
having an ironless rotor Alternatively, the control signals may be fed
to a machine amplifier such as a 90 Leonard drive for example Valve
amplifiers, or magnetic -amplifiers such as those known under the
designations "Amplidyne" and "Rotedyne ", may be used.
The output of the amplifier is connected 95 with the driving motor
which is preferably a direct current control motor In some cases it is
possible to use the machine amplifier direct to drive the machine
tool, but generally, the use of a component analyser connected 100
through a magnetic amplifier to a direct current control motor, has
proved successful in practice In a control apparatus designed in this
manner, the machining tool fixed on the supporting slide rest of a
lathe is moved at 105 the angle o to the longitudinal feed direction,
which angle is set by the component analyser.
There are several ways in which the control means of the invention may
be used in order to carry out different tasks of machine tool 110
copying In the simplest case it would be possible to move and set the
component analyser by hand in such a manner that the displacement
angle ' of the rotor should agree as closely as possible with the
slope of the path 115 or curve to be copied If it coincides

12. completely, and if the control characteristics are perfectly linear,
the tool will move exactly along a path corresponding to that being
copied If the slope does not coincide exactly, 120 then thetracer will
give a correction via a magnetic coupling in the known manner through
disengagement of the feed drive As compared with the known apparatus,
where the feed drive motors are each individually 125 controlled by
means of a manually-operated potentiometer, this invention presents
the advantage that he control of the tool along both-co-ordinate
directions is effected by one control device A special advantage of
the 130 785,135 785,135 component analyser as a control device in this
case lies in the fact that the adjustment is very exact, and the
control voltage may correspond within 0 2 % with the theoretical value
of the sine or cosine In addition, the component analyser presents the
special advantage that it is a very robust part As the rotor is in
most cases mounted on ball bearings, an adjusting torque of less than
2-gramme-centimetres is sufficient to bring about an alteration of the
rotation or displacement angle It is thus possible to control the
component analyser very rapidly Further, it is a 'special advantage
that the component analyser gives a continuous control without steps,
and operates entirely without moving contacts.
According to a further idea of the invention, the component analyser
can be provided with a tracer device that scans the tangent form or
contour of the pattern to be copied, this device being disposed so
that it runis-along the'cojtour of the pattern and, through adjustment
of the component analyser, automatically controls the angle of
inclination to be produced by the tool The component analyser thereby
becomes directly a tangent indicator, which senses the tangent and
controls the speed of the feed motors in,such a-manner that
a-resultant motion corresponding closely to the path to be copied is
covered by the tool without operation of magnetic couplings or
clutches in the drive of the feed motors One simple arrangement for
sensing the tangential direction may comprise a trolley mounted
elastically on the rotor shaft of the component analyser and provided
with two spaced rollers which contact and travel along the-pattern and
scan the approximate tangential direction:corresponding to the chord
between the contact points of the two rollers When the direction of
the tangent or the chord changes, the tr 6 olley turns the rotor of
the component analyser, thereby automatically setting the new
tangential direction As the adjusting forces on-the component analyser
are extremely small, the rollers of the trolley may be spaced
relatively closely so that the direction of the tangent can be well
approximated by a very short chord.
Naturally, other known tangent'indicators may also be connected with
the component aalyser but it should b-e-borne in mind that the

13. component analyser presents the special advantage that it operates
'with' very small adjusting forces and is therefore capabfe-of great
sensitivity Further, if it is not desired for the com-r ponent
analyser to move aloiing the paftern together with the tangent
indicator or tracer, it can be connected with an adjusting motor;
preferably via a transmission gear The adjusting motor drive is
controlled by the tracer and sets the rotor of the component analyser
in such a way that its displacement angle "corresponds as far as
possible with the inclination of the pattern to be copied ' This
position is distinguished by the fact that magnetic couplings in the
feed drives either do not come into operation at all, or only
occasionally This can be utilised direct for setting the angular
position of the component analyser For so 70 long as the angular
position of the component analyser, and of the tangent indicator,
respectively do not correspond, the couplings operate and the
adjusting motor adjusts the component analyser Apparatus of this type
with time 75 relays for adjusting the control devices of feed drives
are known in themselves According to a further idea of the invention
the control device may operate in such a manner that when the feed is
disconnected in one feed 80 direction by the magnetic clutch
interrupting this feed direction the adjusting motor adjusts the
component analyser immediately, but when the scanning feed in the
other direction is disconnected, by the magnetic clutch, the 85
adjustment is effected only if the scanning feed does not receive a
contrary order within a certain time, which is set by a time relay.
In this way it is ensured that the adjusting motor does not adjust the
component analyser 90.
at the slightest change of inclination, thereby subjecting it to
harmful and undesirable oscillations -The component analyser may
further: be used in conjunction with'an apparatus which, 95 by
producing an electric differential in the electrical circuits,
superposes= an additional motion either positively or negatively on
thefeed gear motor When the inclination of the track to be copied
changes, the corresponding 100 motion of the tracer first of all
connects the electric differential, thereby producing an increase or
decrease, for example, ten per cent, in the speed of a feed motor, so
that the tool tends to be steered in the hew direction 105 By means of
the component analyser and the division of the driving means into
independent drives for each co-ordinate, it is ensured that the tool
is guided at a constant speed over the track to be copied It is to be
regarded 110 as a special advantage of control by means of a component
analyser that this track speed can be controlled rapidly and without
steps by altering the supply voltage of the component analyser (the
voltage applied to the rotor of 115 the component analyser) In this

14. way it is possible to machine individual parts of the workpiece
surface with special precision andto a high quality, while machining
others to a lower quality The supply voltage can be 120 changed by
hand, by means of switch devices, or through a programme curve.
In general, in the case of machine-tools the division into component
motions will be effected by choosing co-ordinates that are per 125
pendicular to each other, e g in a lathe the tool support is usually
movable -Perpendicular to the direction of movement of the workpiece
along the bed of -the -lathe In the case of large lathes, such as
vertical boring and turn 130 7.85 P ing machines, the -:tool is also
moved in co mains supply voltage U, is carried to the rotor ordinates
that are perpendicular to each 6ther, 2 In each of the two stator
windings 5 and namely, horizontally and vertically In all 51 which in
Figure 2 are shown crossed at these cases, a component analyser with
wind 90 an alternating voltage is induced which ings perpendicular to
each other must be used can be taken off between the terminals 14 and
70 This is the standard design If for any reason 14 ' or 15 and 151 as
a control voltage.
it should be necessary to effect a division other Figure 3 shows how
such a component than according to perpendicular co-ordinates,
analyser 6 can be connected with the feed the component analyser
should have stator driving motor of a machine tool The corwindings
corresponding with these co-ordinate ponent analyser receives a
voltage via the 75 directions In this way, a co-ordinate system
terminals 11 and 12 The control voltage of with obliquetangles can
also be divided into the one winding is taken off at the terminals its
components X 14 and 14 ' and led through the conductors 16 The
invention is further explained, with and 17 to the driving motor 21
The driving reference to the accompanying drawings, by motor 21 may be
designed in various ways and 80 means of exemplary embodiments drives
the machine tool feed spindle 26 by Figure 1 shows a component
analyser in a means of gears 22 to 25.
simplified form, in longitudinal section; Figure 4 shows the wiring
diagram of an Figure 2 shows the electric wiring diagram arrangement
according to Figure 3, but of a component analyser according to Figure
1 including an amplifier In this case the ter 85 with two stator
windings at 90 ' to each other; minals 14 and 141 of the component
analyser Figure 3 is a theoretical wiring diagram of are connected via
the conductors 16 and 17 a component analyser in conjunction with a
with the input of an amplifier 20 The amplifeed motor of -a machine
tool; t fier may be a magnetic amplifier and it is con-Figure 4 shows
a similar wiring diagram to nected to a power supply by wires 18 and
19 90 Figure 3, but with a magnetic amplifier; Amplified control
voltages are delivered via Figure 5 show a component analyser with

15. wires 16 and 17 ' to the motor 21 which, as a tangent indicator in the
form of a trolley; described in connection with Figure 3, drives
Figure 6 shows a side view of a component the feed spindle 26.
analyser with a modified design of tangent The desired adjustment of
the component 95 indicator;: shw analyser to a given control setting,
i eto a Figure 7 shows the principle of a com certain angle b, can be
effected manually, e g.
ponent analyser with a tangent indicator of a by the use of a pointer
7 fixed to the shaft 1, further different design; which pointer is
adjusted by means of a knob Figure 8 shows the principle of a machine
71 in relation to a scale 8 located on the casing 100 tool used in
conjunction with a component of the component analyser (Figure 1).
analyser control, the component analyser The component analyser may
further be so being controlled by an adjusting gear; designed that the
shaft 1 can be connected Figure 9 shows the theoretical wiring dia
with the driving avparatus through a sliding gram of a further
development of the machine coupling (not shown) This presents the 105
tool control according to Figure 8 possibility of altering and
re-adjusting the The same -reference numerals indicate the relative
angular position of the rotor even same parts in the figures during
operation.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, the However, the adjustment of
the angular -component analyser has a irotor -windig 2 position of the
rotor may also be effected auto 110 carried on a shaft 1 which is
rotatably mounted matically This is shown in Figure 5, accordon ball
bearings 3 and 4 The stator winding ' ing to which the shaft 1 of the
component s is accommodated in the casing 6 which is analyser is
adjusted directly through a tangent closed at each end by a bearing
cover 6 a One tracer or indicator in engagement with the bearing cover
carries a brush holder 9, which surface of the pattern being copied
This 115 carries a brush bridge 10 Fixed to this tangent also
enables-measurement of the tanbridge 10 are two brushes 11 and 12,
which gent-direection of the pattern It consists of a in a known
manner carry an alternating cur trolley 32 which is provided with
rollers 30 rent via the slip ring 13 to the rotor 2 The and 31, and
which is connected with the shaft rotor 2 of the component analyser
induces, I of the component analyser by means of 120 according to its
angular position, various alter laminated blade springs 33 and 34 via
an internating voltages in the stator windings 5 and mediate piece 35.
51 These alternating voltages are led off via In this way the trolley
32 is connected with the terminals 14, 14 ' and 15, 15, of wh 1 ich
the component analyser by means of parallel Figure 1-shows only the
terminal 14 on the spring torsion arms The apparatus as a whole 125
brush holder 9:is designed to scan the inclination of a curved The

16. electric wiring diagram of such a ce, for example, the contour of the
patponent analyser with the two stator windings tern 27 shown The
springs 33 and 34 press at 90 to -each other is shown in Figure 2 the
rollers 30 and 31 against the contour of Between the terminals 11 and
12 the A C thepatern 27 nd at the e time tur the 130 tepten 2 qnat t
-e asme time turnx the 10 785,135 shaft of the component analyser
until the two rollers fit thereon If the inclination of the tangent
changes, the component analyser is turned by the elastic force of the
spring arms 33 and 34 until the two rollers 30 and 31 again fit on to
the curve 27 As the turning moments required to turn the shaft 1 of
the component analyser are very small, the interval between the two
rollers 30 and 31 may be small, and it is thus possible to approximate
to the tangent by the short chord between the contact points of the
rollers 30 and 31 with the pattern It is convenient to design the
trolley 32 in such a manner that the middle of this chord should lie
on the extension of the axis of the shaft 1, the latter intersecting
the chord perpendicularly -The trolley 32 is connected, by means of
screws 36 and contact pins 37, with the springs 33, 34, and the latter
are similarly connected with intermediate piece 35 by means of screws
361 and contact pins 37 ' The intermediate piece 35 is fitted on the
shaft 1 and fixed in a suitable manner.
Figure 6 shows a similar tangent tracer or indicator as Figure 5, but
with a special pretensioning spring 38 and a laminated blade spring 33
The tension spring 38 is fixed by means of an adjusting screw 39 to
antangled lever 40 disposed on the shaft of the component analyser 1,
and enables alteration of the elastic characteristic of the laminated
spring 33 The trolley 32 is also fitted with two scanning rollers 30
and 31, which in this embodiment of Figure 6, lie behind each other,
both rollers running on the pattern 27 As before, the spring 33 is
connected by screws 36 with the trolley 32 and by similar connecting
means 361, 37 ', with the intermediate piece 35, and a clamp loop 54
serves to connect the spring 38 In this embodiment also, the extension
of the axis of the shaft 1 of the component analyser should as far as
possible cut the connecting line of the contact points of the rollers
30 and 31 with the pattern perpendicularly Clearly it is also possible
to equip a tangent indicator of the form shown in Figure 5 with means
for altering the tension of the spring arms, by a simple combi nation
of the main features in Figures 5 and 6.
Both forms of the tracer or indicator are capable of moving Ireely
along the straight line formed by the contact points of the rollers
and 31 with the curve 27, but movement in any other direction,
produces a moment which turns the shaft of component analyser in the
new direction.
Figure 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a tangent indicator A

17. sliding pin or finger 41 which -scans the curve of a pattern 60: 27 is
mounted in the universal joint 42 and moves the swivelling lever 43
through the connecting cone 44 The swivelling lever is mounted in a
fixed bearing 45 and is pressed against the sliding pin 41 by a
compression spring 46 The swivelling lever 43 carries a gear segment
47, which engages with a pinion 48 mounted on the shaft 1 of a
component analyser 6 The pin 41 in sliding along the pattern 27 is
deflected from its static or normal position according to the
inclination of the 70 pattern 27 In the presence of such a deflection,
the swivelling lever 43 is turned about the bearing 45, against the
spring 46, and rotates the pinion 48, thereby adjusting the component
analyser By a suitable choice of 75 dimensions, particularly for the
sliding pin 41, the cone 44 and the gear ratio between the segment 47
and pinion 48, it can be ensured that the rotor of the component
analyser is rotated about an angle corresponding with the 80 slope of
the pattern 27.
Figure 8 shows a theoretical wiring diagram of a component analyser
control for a copying lathe, where the component analyser is
controlled, not directly by a tangent tracer or 85 indicator but
through an adjusting gear responsive to a scanning tracer.
The workpiece 52 is centred in the lathe 51, driven by the motor 50
which is connected with a power supply through leads 53 On 90 the bed
54 is slidably mounted a tool support 56 which can be moved in a
direction parallel to the axis of the workpiece by a feed screw which
is driven by a feed motor 57 through gears 58 and a coupling 59 Also,
the turning 95 tool 66 can be moved in a direction perpendicular to
the axis of the workpiece, by a cross feed motor 61 which, through
gears 62 and a magnetic coupling 63, drives a threaded shaft 64 which
engages a nut in the tool 100 holder 65 in which the turning tool 66
is fixed Connected with the support 56, and movable therewith, is the
tracer 67 having a scanning pin or finger 68 which scans in the known
manner the pattern 27 which is fixed 105 on the bed 54 of the lathe.
Apart from the feed motors 57 and 61, the electric apparatus of the
control includes the component analyser 6, which is connected by the
conductors 11 and 12 to the mains supply, 110 and which controls the
feed motors through the amplifiers 20 and 201, as explained in detail
in connection with Figure 4 Thus, the stator winding for controlling
the longitudinal motion of the turning tool parallel to the axis 115
of the workpiece is connected via the conductors 16, 17 with the input
of the amplifier and the output of this amplifier is connected via the
conductors 161, 171 with the longitudinal feed motor 57 The other con
120 trol winding of the stator of the component analyser 6 is
connected via the conductors 16 " 1, 17 with the input of the
amplifier 201 whose output is connected via the conductors 161 "', 17

18. "'1 with the cross feed motor 61 125 As mentioned above, in the
embodiment of Figure 7, the component analyser 6 is not directly
controlled by a tangent indicator, but through an electromechanical
control or adjusting gear which, as indicated by the 130 i 1 j dashed
lines, comprises a mechanical-change -mears of a 2-poe lifting relay
100 which is speed gear unit-70 opetated by-the movable connected to
the conductors 93 (in Figure 8).
-armature of an electro-mnagnet-85 This The lifting relay possesses
three contacts 101, electro-magnet 85-is controlled by means-of:a
which connect and disconnect three different -switch relay 81 -or 82
whichiscaused to be fixed resistances 102, 103, 104 (The resist 70
operated through-_closure of -the contacts-69, ance 104 is chosen as
zero) In the middle or -or 691 by the:scanning finger 68 normal
position of the lifting relay the resistThe operation of the apparatus
-is as ance 103 is placed in series in the input circuit -_follows,: f
the, amplifier 20 A resistance 105 of the A 10 -: The, scanning finger
68 of the-tracer 67 same magnitude is permanently connected in 75scans
the-pattern-27 -If-the scanning-finger -the input circuit o the
amplifier 20 ', and -is deflected -towards one of-the two switch
hence,, the inclusion of the resistance 103contacts -69 and 691, this
connects one of the causes no change whatever in the balance of two
sfcannlng relays 91-and-92, -which-is ener the Jnput circ uits of the
two control amplifiers.
-gised and closes the circuit including the con If-the component
analyser 6 delivers the same 80 ductors 93 to the
cross-feed-magnetic-coupling voltage, to eacph input circuit both
amplifiers _ 63 so that the -coupling 63 -rotates -in -one receive the
same initial voltage and therefore direction or -the other depending
on which also pass the same output voltages to the feed contact 69 or
691 is actuated Simultaneously motors But if the scanning tracer shows
that -20 with the operation of the -magnetic coupling tie directton ot
tie movementof the machine 85 -63, one of the time relays-81, 82
is-energised tool controlled by the motors no longer correthrough the
conductors 94,-which relay,-after sponds with the tangential direction
of the -the expiration ofan adjustable delay interval, pattern curve
then, depending to which side connects the coil -83 or 84 of -the
-electro the:tracer is deflected, the larger resistance _magnet 85, so
that the gear unit-7 ( O is brought - 102 or the smaller resistance
104 is connected -90 into _operation through -the movement of a
Through the alteration of the resistance of the sliding-sleeve
71-in-one direction-or-the other, input circuit of the amplifier 20,
the initial thereby-causing-friction couplings-72 or-73-to voltage fed
to the amplifier 20 also alters, and beengaged and cause the
drive-of-the-continu so does the output voltage delivered by the ously

19. running -motor 24-to be taken up As latter, and hence, the speed of
the longitudinal 95 a result, the component analyser-is -adjusted feed
motor 57 controlled by this amplifie'r will in-such a
manner-that-the-tracer-67-is moved,:be changed so as to take into
account the through appropriate speed changesof the feed -Lchange of
the slope of the desired curve In = motors 57 and 61, until its
contact arm is-back this way, the direction in which the tool moves to
its middle position between the contacts -69 will be altered to a
desired extent by purely 100 -and 69: electrical means, without
engagement of the Figure 9 _shows&the cormponent analyser-in coupling
and without adjustment of the coinma modified circuit that is a
-supplement-to -the ponent analyser 6 Only if' the alteration is
-wiring diagram according to Figure 8 The not sufficient to follow the
angular change of component analyser 6 is -again fed -from-the:the
pattern curve because the change of direc 105 mains via the conductors
11 and 12, -and-its tion of the latter has been greater than accords
two stator windings are -electrically connected with the alteration
capable of being produced with -the amplifiers 20 and 201 Via -the con
by:this additional control means, is the electroductors 161, 17 I,
the'output of the -amplifier -mechanical drive of the component
analyser 20 is supplied to thelongitudinal feed-driving connected, via
a time relay, as previously 110 motor 57 (Figure 8), -and via the
conductors described.
:16 "l, -1711 the output of -the amplifier Thus,' control of the feed
apparatus of a 201 is supplied to the-cross feed driving motor
-machine -tool, as shown, can be effected in 61 The compgnent analyser
6-may either be several different ways using the component driven by:
an; adjusting gear according to analyser On the one hand, the speed of
the -115 -Figure 8, or be:provided with a tangent indi feed motor can
be controlled by means of a cator or scanner which engages -the
pattern manually adjusted component analyser; alterdirectly according
-to Figure-5 6 or 7 natively, a tangent indicator scanning the The
modified circuit shown-in Figure 9 can -pattern to be copied can be
used to adjust the be used in conjunction -with -the component
component analyser directly, or the component -120 analyser drive
described -ini Figure 8 with-the analyser can also be adjusted through
an aid of an electro-mechanical control gear As adjusting gear In all
these cases, the comalready indicated, there is superposed on -the
-:ponent analyser operates in conjunction with feed motor an
addltional motion, which-at -one of the conventional contact scanners
or first responds to slight changes in the tangent tracers serving to
connect or disconnect 125 angle and serves:to' disconnect the
couplings, couplings in the feed drives, as indicated in particularly
those of the-cross -feed It essen:the arrangement shown by way of

20. example in tially consists of a resistance combination con Figure 8
nected in series -with the:amplifiers 20 and However, there are many
other possibilities -201, _which:-co'mbination is connected -by -for
operating a contact tracer to connect the -130 si 85,135 couplings, in
conjunction with a component analyser for changing the feed rates of a
machine too In particular, the contact tracer can be used for the
purpose of controlling the couplings, together with a tangent
indicator which may be of the form shown in Figure 5, on a common
pattern, a scanning finger of the contact tracer being positioned in
the gap between the two rollers of the tangent indicator.
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* GB785136 (A)
Description: GB785136 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to heart catheters
Description of GB785136 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1007477 (B) FR1125735 (A)
DE1007477 (B) FR1125735 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,

21. up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SP ECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to heart Catheters
I, WILLY RUESCH, a German National, of Rommeishausen, near Stuttgart,
-Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which
I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:-
The present invention concerns a heart catheter made from
thermoplastic synthetic substances and a process for the manufacture
thereof. By the new construction and method of manufacture an
especially pressure-resistant connection of the injection attachment
inserted into the outer end of the catheter is obtained, in
particular, by which it is reliably prevented from being pressed out
of the catheter tube even when the inner pressure rises to 8 atm.
during operation.
According to the present invention the end of the catheter tube is
connected by a metal stiffening tubule to the metal injection
attachment, the tubule being slipped over the end of the tube and
connected on the inside therewith by welding by means of a
slipped-over tubular member of thermoplastic material and is screwed
by its end into a bore of the injection attachment. The stiffening
tubule is provided for this purpose with small bores distributed along
its periphery and its length through which holes the slipped-over
tubular member is connected by heating with the inner end of the
catheter tube. To increase the adhesive strength between the
slipped-over tubular member and the outer surface of the metal tubule,
the latter is provided with annular ribs. The interior of the metal
tubule is bored out over the greater part of its length to a diameter
which is equal to the outer diameter of the catheter tube; this bore
is joined by a smaller bore, the diameter of which corresponds with
the inner bore~ of the catheter tube. The metal tubule is disposed
directly on the catheter tube by the graduation formed by the
reduction in diameter.
The production of the connection between the metal tubule and the
catheter tube is effected by heating with a high frequency current in
a suitable bipartite heating-boxor holder and- subsequent cooling. The
outer surface of the slipped-over tubular member is then rubbed down
and made perfectly smooth along its surface by subsequent immersion in
polyvinyl chloride lacquer.
Then the slipped-over - tubular member is severed at the end at which
the thread of the metal stiffening tubule is located and the
connecting member screwed on to this thread whereby a perfectly

22. pressure-tight union of the injection attachment with the catheter
tube is obtained.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows the catheter in perspective;
Fig. 2 is a section on a larger scale through the outer end of the
tube with the injection attachment;
Fig. 3 is a section on the line III-III of
Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is an interior elevation of a part of the bipartite heating box
or holder;
Fig. 5 is a section bn the line V-V of Fig.
4; and
Fig. 6 is an end elevation.of the two parts of the heating box or
holder before assembly.
The catheter consists in known manner of a catheter tube 1 extruded
from thermoplastic synthetic material, which is open at its front end
2 and may be provided along its outer surface with a graduated scale
3.
The rear end of the catheter tube is inserted into a cylindrical bore
of a metal stiffening tubule 4, the bore diameter of which is equal to
the -outer diameter of the catheter tube. This bore of the tubule 4 is
joined by a narrower bore 5, the bore diameter of which corresponds to
the inner diameter d of the catheter tube so that the lumen remains
unchanged for the passage through the catheter. The end of the
catheter tube 1- is inserted into the metal tube as far as the
abutment 6 formed thereby.
The tubule 4 is provided along its outer surface with projecting
annular ribs 7 and has small holes 8 which pass through from the
outside to the inside and are evenly distributed over the length and
periphery thereof.
A tubular member 9 of thermoplastic synthetic material, which is
retained by the ribs 7, is next slipped-over the tubule 4 and then the
entire end of the tube with the parts 4 and 9 is placed in a metal
heating box or holder consisting of two readily detachable parts 10
and 11 to be connected together. Both parts of the heating box or
holder have semi-cylindrical recesses 12, 13,
the diameter of which is adapted to the outer diameter ofthe
slipped-over tubular member
9 or of the outer end 14 of the metal tubule
4 which end is provided with an outer thread.
The heating box or holder is next closed by means of two wing bolts,
for example.
Then a steel rod, which is connected to the negative pole of a high

23. frequency apparatus, is inserted into the bore of the catheter tube,
while the metal heating box or holder is connected to the positive
pole. Under the influence of the heating produced by the current the
tubular member 9 and the end of the catheter tube are sufficiently
softened for the material thereof to become connected through the
holes 8 so that both parts are firmly welded together.
Upon the completion of this operation the member which is now united
by welding is removed from the heating box or holder and immediately
cooled with cold water.
Subsequently thereto the tubular member 9 is rubbed over and immersed
in a PVC lacquer so that the surface is completely smooth. Finally,
the part of the tubularmember 9 disposed over the threaded parts 14 is
severed and the attachment 15 screwed on to the thread. Thus the
attachment is connected perfectly pressuretight to the catheter tube.
What I claim is:
1. A heart catheter of the type referred to wherein a metal injection
attachment is connected to the outer end of the catheter tube,
characterised in that the end of the catheter tube is connected to the
injection attachment by a metal stiffening tubule which is slipped
over the end of the catheter and connected therewith by welding by
means of a slipped-over tube member and is screwed on the injection
attachment.
2. A catheter as claimed in claim 1, in which the stiffening tubule is
provided with radial holes through which the slipped-over tubular
member is connected by heating to the inner end of the tube.
3. A catheter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the stiffening
tubule is provided along its outer surface with projecting annular
ribs.
4. A process for the manufacture of heart catheters as claimed in
claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the stiffening tubule is slipped over the
end of the catheter tube and the tubular member slipped-over the
stiffening tubule and then these three members are heated in a metal
heating box or holder by a high frequency current and thereby welded
together, after which the welded member is removed from the mould and
immediately cooled.
5. A process as claimed in claim 4, in which, after the charging of
the metal heating box or holder, the latter is attached to one pole
and the steel rod inserted into the interior of the catheter tube
attached to the other pole of a high frequency apparatus.
6. A process as claimed in claim 4 or 5, in which, after the removal
of the welded end of the catheter from the heating box or holder and
cooling, the tubular member is rubbed down and immersed in PVC lacquer
and thereby made perfectly smooth on its. surface.
7. A heating box or holder for carrying out the process according to

24. claims 4, 5 or 6, which consists of two metal parts adapted to be
closed by wing bolts, and of a steel bar which is inserted into the
interior of the end of the catheter tube.
8. A heart catheter substantially as described herein with reference
to and as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A process, for the manufacture of heart catheters, substantially as
described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
* GB785137 (A)
Description: GB785137 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to textile drafting mechanism
Description of GB785137 (A)
PTN _SEFCATION
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 14, 1955.
l 7 785 $ 137 No 17157/55 U '4 Application made in United States of
America on August 17, 1954 Complete Specification Published: October
23, 1957
Index at acceptance:-Class 120 ( 2), D 2 (A 4:A 7:E 8).
International Classification:-DO 2 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Textile Drafting Mechanism We,
SACO-LOWELL SHOPS, a Corporation of the State of Maine, United States
of America, of 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston 10, State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:This invention relates to
textile drafting mechanism of the type used in drawing frames.
It is an object of the invention to provide :15 improved textile
drafting mechanism.
The invention provides textile drafting mechanism comprising: a series
of bottom rolls; a co-operating series of top rolls; means locating
the rolls to act successively on a sliver; a weighting arm overlying

25. the ton rolls; and at least one top roll weighting unit which
comprises a housing mounted on the weighting arm, a plunger movable
into weighting engagement with one of the top rolls, a compression
spring acting against the plunger and a plug against which the spring
is seated, which plug is screwthreaded into the housing for adjustment
and has an aperture through which a stem portion of the plunger
extends, and a stop motion actuating device comprising an electrical
contact member above the face of the said stem portion and arranged so
that when it is engaged by the stem portion, an electrical contact is
effected.
Preferably the said face of the stem portion is flush with the top of
the plug when the drafting mechanism is running normadlly, and the
electrical contact member is spaced a limited distance above that face
Preferably a co Ver is pivotally supported to overlie the weighting
arm and weighting and stop motion unit and an electrical contact arm
is carried by the cover and establishes an electrical contact with the
said contact memi 1 i k ber when the cover is closed.
A specific construction of a drafting mechanism embodying the
invention will now be described by way of example and with reference
to the accompanying drawings scj in which:
Figure 1 is a view, mainly in vertical section of the drafting
mechanism; Figure 2 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of the mechanism;
55 Figure 3 is a view of the top portion of the frame with the roll
weighting and stop motion unit associated with a particular top roll
being shown in section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1 and, 60
Figure 4 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the unit shown
in Figure 3.
In this example the mechanism is embodied in a drawing frame of the
general type having a series of bottom rolls which 65 may extend the
full length of the machine and a cooperating series of top rolls
which, in accordance with the usual practice, are of relatively short
lengths with but a single boss, and which are supported and weighted
70 individually by means of weighting means at each end thereof.
The machine is provided with a set of five bottom rolls and four
cooperating top rolls The bottom rolls, which are preferably 75
provided with fluted surfaces and extend for the entire length of the
frame, are indicated at 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18, respectively These
rolls are supported at intervals in slots forming bearings in roll
slides 20, which slides 80 are carried on supporting roll stands 22.
The mechanism by means of which the several bottom rolls 10-18,
inclusive, are driven at increasing peripheral driving rates for the
drawing of a sliver, being well known 85 and forming no part of the
invention, is not specifically shown.
Cooperating with the bottom rolls, above described, are a series of f

26. 6 ur top rolls indicated dt 24;i 26, 28 arid 30 respectirvly, 9 (o
785,137 said top rolls each having but a single boss and being of
relatively short length thus providing essentially separate assemblies
lengthwise of the machine, each of said assemblies comprising a series
of cooperating top and bottom rolls mounted in the slides 20 through
which rolls individual slivers are drawn In this example the top roll
30 consists of a roll which is mounted on an arbor 32 having at each
end thereof a sleeve bearing 38 supported at each end in the
vertically slotted slide 20 Top rolls 26, 28 and 24 are similarly
arranged to cooperate in the drafting of individual slivers through
the machine.
In this example each top roll weighting and stop motion assembly has a
single series of weighting units 21, 31, 41, 51, which engage against
one end only of each top roll, a separate but identical overarm
assembly being provided to engage the opposite end of each top roll of
the series One of the individual units of the mechanism, as
hereinafter pointed out, is well adapted also to provide for the
instant stopping of the machine in the event that any lap up occurs
which will have the effect of substantially increasing beyond a normal
amount the separation of the top roll from the cooperating bottom
roll, such unit 51 being that associated with the front top roll 30.
The top weighting and stop motion unit specifically illustrated in
Figure 3 comprises a plunger 36 which acts against the sleeve bearing
member 38 on the arbor portion 32 of the top roll 30 The plunger 36 is
supported within a housing 40 and is formed with an upwardly extending
stem portion 42 A plug 44 having an axial bore through X 40 which the
stem 42 is fitted to slide is screwthreaded into the open upper end of
the housing A compression spring 46 coiled about the stem 42 between
the plug 44 and a washer 48 fitted to the lower end of the stem 42
tends to force the plunger yieldably downwardly against the sleeve 38
The pressure exerted by the unit is readily adjusted by turning the
threaded plug 44 The parts of the weighting unit including the do
strength of the spring 46 are chosen so that when a pressure of
exactly the desired amount is exerted against the arbor 32 of the top
roll 30, for example, the upper end of the stem 42 will be exactly
flush with the top surface of the plug 44.
The unit above described is further constructed and arranged to cause
the stop motion of the machine to operate In the event that any
individual plunger 36 is forced upwardly thus denoting an abnormal
thickness of the sliver passing through the machine such as might be
caused by a lap-up an electrical circuit is closed to operate the
machine stop motion The circuit closing connection referred to is
specifically shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4 in which the plug 44 is
provided with a resilient cap 50 of insulating material such as rubber

27. within which is mounted a conductor 52 having at its lower end a
circular contact plate 54 70 which is spaced a slight distance above
the top of the plug 44 by means of a washer 56 of non-conducting
material From an inspection of Figure 4 it will readily be seen that
when the upper end of the stem 42 is 75 in its normally adjusted
position flush with the top of the plug 44 an air gap is interposed
between the stem 42 and contact plate 54 The conductor 52 is engaged
by a spring conductor arm 60 which is secured 80 by an electric
terminal screw 62 to a bracket 64 carried on a cover 66 for the entire
weighting and stop motion unit A connecting wire 68 leads from the
terminal screw 62 to the relay of the machine stop motion 85 circuit
which may be of ordinary construction and is not here shown.
In this example, only a single unit engaging the front roll 30 is
provided with stop motion actuating means, the cap 50 and 90 washer 56
being omitted from the other units.
The individual weighting and stop motion units comprising each
weighting and stop motion assembly are mounted on an over 95 arm frame
which comprises a pair of bars and 72 which pass through slots 74 and
76, respectively, formed in the lower portion of each weighting and
stop motion unit housing 40, leaf springs 75 being interposed 100
between the upper surfaces of said bars 70 and 72 and the upper
surface of slots 74 and 76 to maintain said units in readily
adjustable position -on said bars At their rear ends, (at the left as
shown in Figures 1 and 105 2) the two bars 70 and 72 are connected to
one another by a yoke 78 which is in turn connected by a pin 80 with a
vertically extending rod 82 slidably mounted in a tubular guideway 84
in a cover support slide 86 110 mounted on roll stand 22 At its lower
end the rod 82 is slotted to receive a horizontally disposed arm 88
which is supported in said slot by pin 83 on rod 82 The arm 88 is
supported intermediate its length on a fixed 115 pivot 90 on the roll
stand 22 and extends in a direction generally parallel to the bars 70,
72 beneath the bottom rolls 10-18, inclusive.
At the front ends, (at the right hand end) of the top roll weighting
and stop motion 120 assembly, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the
overarms 70, 72 are connected to the bottom arm 88 by means of a
contractible selflocking device which comprises a link 92 pivoted to
the forward (right hand) end of 125 the lower arm 88 and a hook member
94 which is adapted to engage a cross pin 96 extending between the two
overarm members 70, 72 at their forward ends The link 92 and hook
member 94 are connected to 130 matically disconnected.
Thus it will be seen that the foregoing example embodies:
A weighting arm which overlies and is adapted to apply a predetermined
pressure 70 against each of the top rolls of the series by means of
novel adjustable spring weighting units which may also operate as the

28. actuating element of a stop motion mechanism 75 Simplified and
improved weighting by means of a novel overarm weighting mechanism in
which predetermined pressures may readily be obtained upon each of the
several top rolls of the series and which is 80 well adapted for
individual accurate adjust s ment of the weighting pressure.
A weighting mechanism which is readily releasable from contact with
the top rolls and which permits easy removal of top tolls 85 for
cleaning, removal of lap ups and the like, as well as itself providing
a structure far less likely to pick up lint and fly thanheretofore
known drawing frame weighting mechanisms 90 Improved means for
detecting a lap up as caused by the winding up of the sliver passing
between the top and bottom drawing rolls around one of said rolls, and
for imparting an actuating impulse to the stop 95 motion mechanism of
the drawing frame to stop said frame before damage is caused by said
lap up.
It will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various
modifications of the fore 100 going example may be made within the
scope of the invention For instance, the top roll weighting and stop
motion assembly herein disclosed may be constructed and arranged to
provide an overarm having one 105 series only of individual top roll
weighting and stop motion units, or said overarm may be constructed
and arranged for mounting a plurality of such series of weighting and
stop motion units, as for example, in pairs 110 to engage
simultaneously against opposite ends of each top roll Identical
weighting and stop motion units, such as that particularly described
and illustrated in connection with Figure 3, may be provided for 115
engagement with each of the top rollers 24, 26, 28 and 30.
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