orthodontic Clasps /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

CLASPS
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

 Clasps are the retentive components
of the orthodontic appliances.
INTRODUCTION
The unit of removable orthodontic appliance that
holds the appliance
in position and is called clasp.

There are many types of clasps.
1.’ C ’ clasp
2.Full clasp or Jackson’s clasp
3.Triangular clasp
4.Adam’s clasp and their modifications
5.Schwarz clasp
6.South end clasp
7.Duyzing clasp
8.Ball end clasp
9.Crozat clasp

IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
• Unobtrusive.
• Not impinge.
• Close contact to the tooth.
• Usable in both deciduous
and permanent dentition.
• Adequate retention.

• No active force on the anchor tooth.
• Rigid
• Easy to fabricate and also replace if
needed.
• Not interfere in the growth of jaws and
eruption of teeth.

USES
To secure the appliance in position
To prevent rolling of appliances
To resist forces of displacement
To provide retention & anchorage
For engaging elastics

MODE OF ACTION OF CLASPS
Clasp engage onto the undercuts
(constricted areas on the teeth.)
Two types of undercuts.
Buccal / Lingual Cervical undercuts.
Mesial / Distal Proximal undercuts.

CIRCUMFERENTIAL CLASP

 Circumferential clasp / C-Clasp / 3/4th
Clasp.
 It uses the bucco-cervical undercut.
 Single retention arm.
 1mm wire used in molars.

Advantages
 Good retention.
 Easy to fabricate.
 Single occlusal crossover wire.
 Easy to replace.

Disadvantages
 Not on semi-erupted tooth.
 Decalcification of cervical margin.
 Gingival irritation.
 Plaque accumulation enhanced.
 Easily distort.

JACKSONS
CLASP

 Jackson 1906
 Jacksons Clasp / Full Clasp / U Clasp.
 Both bucco-cervical and proximal
undercuts.

Advantages
 Simple design
 Adequate retention.

Disadvantages
 Not useful in partially erupted teeth.
 Difficult to adjust.
 Not on unfavorably inclined tooth.

SOUTHEND
CLASP

 Most common for anterior anchorage.
 Single arrowhead between Central
Incisors with wire following the gingival
margin.

TRIANGULAR
CLASP

 Excellent retention by the single
arrowhead in the interproximal
area.
 Free end towards distal to
facilitate the engagement of
elastics.

Advantages
 Excellent retention.
 Pre fabricated available.
 Elastics can be engaged.

Disadvantages
 Not useful if adjacent tooth is absent.
 Used as secondary / additional retention.

BALL END
CLASP

 Action and location similar to triangular
clasp.
 Pre fabricated available. Can be made
by adding solder to end of a wire.

Advantages
 Single occlusal interference.
 Less gingival irritation.
 Easy to replace.

Disadvantages
 Short arm makes adjustment difficult.
 Cannot be used for primary retention.
 Cannot be used in absence of adjacent
tooth.

SCHWARZ
CLASP

 Also called as ARROWHEAD
CLASP.
 Mesial and distal undercuts of the teeth.

Advantages
 Reliable retention.
 Does not interfere in posterior occlusion.
 More length of wire hence more flexible.
 More easy to adjust.
 Enhances eruption.

Disadvantages
 Difficult to fabricate.
 Needs special plier.
 Irritates soft tissue.
 Tends to separate teeth.
 Is bulky hence less patient compliance.

CROZAT
CLASP

 Along with the u clasp another curved
wire is soldered on the base.
 Strong retention is possible

ADAMS
CLASP

 Adams clasp / modified arrowhead
clasp / liverpool clasp / universal clasp.
 C. PHILIPS ADAMS in May 1950.
 Most widely used clasp.
 Distobuccal and mesiobuccal undercuts.
 Does not separate teeth like a arrowhead clasp.
 0.7mm posteriors
0.6mm anteriors.

Parts
BRIDGE
2 ARROWHEADS
2 TAG ARMS

BRIDGE
 Is 2/3rd the mesio-distal width of the
tooth, or slightly less then the distance
between mesiobuccal and distobuccal
undercuts, or length should be equal to
the intercuspal distance.
 Is 1-2mm away from the buccal surface
of the tooth.
 Is at 45o to the buccal surface of the
tooth.
 Should be straight.

Arrowheads
 They should lie in the disto and
mesio buccal undercuts.
 Shaped according to the curve of the
gum margins into the interdental
papilla.
 Long enough to keep the bridge at a
proper distance.
 Should not touch the adjacent teeth

Tag arms
 Closely fitted to the contact points,
down to the interdental embrassure.
 Space between the tag arms and
palate for flow of acrylic.
 No sharp bends.

Advantages
 Small,neat and unobtrusive.
 Any tooth.
 Both deciduous and permanent dentition.
 Even on semi erupted tooth.
 No specialized pliers required.
 Can be modified as needed.
 No. of modifications are available.

Disadvantages
 Unwanted palatal tipping if gets activated.
 May lead to elongation of tooth if is fitting
tightly.
 Can be repaired only if fractured through the
arrowheads.
 Cannot be given on proclined anteriors.

Fabrication

MODIFICATIONS
OF ADAMS CLASP

Anterior Adams
 0.6mm
 Also called double clasp.

With distal extension/ traction hook
 To engage elastics
 Not given if sulcus is shallow.
Distal extension

With a soldered hook

With a soldered tube

With a single arrowhead

With accessory arrowhead

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orthodontic Clasps /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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