Removable appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com


REM AB
OV
LE
APPLI AN
CES

DEFI NI TI O
N

REM
OVABLE APPLI ANCE
• REMOVABLE APPLIANCE ARE
ORTHODONTIC
DEVICES
WHICH CAN BE TAKEN OUT BY
THE PATIENT FOR CLEANING
AND WHICH ARE DESIGNED
TO APPLY FORCES TO THE
TEETH BY MEANS OF SPRINGS
SCREWS
AND
OTHER
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS.


H STORY
I

VI CTOR H
UGO JACKSON
• Early 20th century
• United States
• Appliances of vulcanite base
with a precious metal or
nickel-silver wire.


GEORGE CROZAT
• Early 1900’s
completely
of
• Appliance
precious metal.
• Had a clasp on molars and
finger springs on anteriors
made up of light wire, on a
framework of heavy gold wire.


countries
• European
removable appliances.
States
fixed
• United
appliances.


Reas ons f or i nc r eas ed
us e of r em abl e
ov
appl i anc es i n Eur ope
• Angles View.
• Social welfare system rapidly
developed.
• Scarcity of precious metals.


ADV
ANTAGES


1.

Tipping,
overbite
correction
more readily undertaken.
2. Less complex control as less
teeth moved at a time and simple
movements done.
3. Can
eliminate
occlusal
interferences.
4. Can be done be a general
practitioner.


6.
7.
8.
9.

Less chairside time.
Less expensive.
Cleaned by the patient.
If causing trouble to the
patient can be removed.
10. Aesthetically better.


LI M TI ATI ONS
I


 Patient cooperation necessary.
 Only tipping is possible.
 Rotations of only one or two teeth
is possible if more then fixed
appliances.
 Only few teeth can be moved at a
time so prolongs the treatment.


Can not be done in extraction
cases as no bodily movement.
Encroaches the tongue space
and hence a problem in
retention.


I NDI CATI ONS


Growth modifications during
mixed dentition.
Limited
tipping,
rotation
required.
Arch expansion.
Retention
after
fixed
treatment.


CLASSI FI CAT
I ON

REMOVABLE APPLIANCES

FUNCTIONAL
APPLIANCES

ACTIVE PLATE


COM
PONENTS


Retentive/ Active
Anchorage
CLASPS

Bows

Base
Plate

Springs Screws Elastics Bows


CLAS
PS

• The name clasp is derived
from
a
French
word
“UYPTAN” which means to
embrace. Clasps are the
retentive components of the
orthodontic appliances.


• RETENTION :- is the
means whereby the
displacement of an
appliance is resisted.


I DEAL REQUI REM
ENTS
 Unobtrusive.
 Not impinge.
 Close contact to the tooth.
 Usable in both deciduous and
permanent dentition.
 Adequate retention.


 No active force on the anchor
tooth.
 Rigid
 Easy to fabricate and also
replace if needed.
 Not interfere in the growth
of jaws and eruption of teeth.


CLASSI FI CATI ON
A.

Hand Made
Machine Made.

B.

Single tag arm
Double tag arm

M
ODE OF ACTI ON
engage
onto
the
• Clasp
undercuts (constricted areas
on the teeth.)
• Two types of undercuts.
/
– Buccal
undercuts.
/
– Mesial
undercuts.

Lingual

Cervical

Distal

Proximal


CI RCUM
FERENTI AL
CLASP


• Circumferential clasp / CClasp / 3/4th Clasp.
• To use the bucco-cervical
undercut.
• 2nd molar and canines.
• Single retention arm.
• 1mm wire used in molars.


Adv ant ages
•
•
•
•

Good retention.
Easy to fabricate.
Single occlusal crossover wire.
Easy to replace.


Di s adv ant ages
• Not on semi-erupted tooth.
• Decalcification of cervical
margin.
• Gingival irritation.
• Plaque accumulation enhanced.
• Easily distort.


JACKSONS
CLASP

• V.H. Jackson 1906
• Jacksons Clasp / Full Clasp /
U Clasp.
bucco-cervical
and
• Both
proximal undercuts.
• 0.7mm to 1mm.


Adv ant ages
• Simple design
• Adequate retention.


Di s adv ant age
• Not useful in partially erupted
teeth.
• Difficult to adjust.
• Not on unfavorably inclined
tooth.


SOUTH
END
CLASP

• Most common for anterior
anchorage.
• Single arrowhead between CI
with
wire
following
the
gingival margin.


Adv ant ages
• Unobtrusive.
• Good retention.
• Even be used if Incisors are
proclined.


TRI ANGULAR
CLASP


called
as
MODIFIED
• Also
ZIMMER CLASP.
• Excellent retention by the single
arrowhead in the interproximal
area.
• Open end towards the occlusal.
• Can engage elastics.
• 0.7mm wire


Adv ant ages
•
•
•
•

Easy to fabricate.
Excellent retention.
Pre fabricated available.
Elastics can be engaged.


Di s adv ant ages
• Not usefull if adjacent tooth
is absent.
as
secondary
/
• Used
additional retention.


BALL END
CLASP

• Action and location similar to
triangular clasp.
• Prefabricated available. Can
be made by adding solder to
end of a wire.


Adv ant ages
•
•
•
•

Easy to fabricate.
Single occlusal interference.
Less gingival irritation.
Easy to replace.


Di s adv ant ages
• Short arm makes adjustment
difficult.
• Can not be used for primary
retention.
• Cannot be used in absence of
adjacent tooth.


SCH ARZ
W
CLASP

• Also called as ARROWHEAD
CLASP.
• A.M. Shwarz 1935.
• Mesial and distal undercuts of
the teeth.


Adv ant ages
• Reliable retention.
not
interfere
in
• Does
posterior occlusion.
wire
hence
more
• More
flexible.
• More easy to adjust.
• Enhances eruption.


Di s adv ant ages
•
•
•
•
•

Difficult to fabricate.
Needs special plier.
Irritates soft tissue.
Tends to separate teeth.
Is bulky hence less patient
compliance.


CROZAT CLASP


• Crozat in 1920
• Along with the u clasp a
stright wire is soldered on the
base (Cresent).
• Strong retention is possible


ADAM
S
CLASP

• Adams clasp / modified arrowhead
clasp / liverpool clasp / universal
clasp.
• C. PHILIPS ADAMS in May 1950.
• Most widely used clasp.
• Distobuccal and mesiobuccal undercuts.
• Does not separate teeth like a
arrowhead clasp.
• 0.7mm posteriors
0.6mm anteriors.


FABRICATION


par t s

oBRIDGE
o2 ARROWHEADS
o2 TAG ARMS

BRI DGE
• Is 2/3rd the mesio dital width of the
tooth, or slightly less then the distance
between mesiobuccal and distobuccal
undercuts, or length should be equal to
the intercuspal distance.
• Is 1-2mm away from the buccal surface
of the tooth.
• Is at 45o to the buccal surface of the
tooth.
• Should be straight.


Ar r owheads
• They should lie in the disto- and
mesio buccal undercuts.
• Shaped according to the curve of
the
gum
margins
into
the
interdental papilla.
• Long enough to keep the bride at a
proper distance.
• Should not touch the adjacent
teeth


Tag ar m
s
• Closely fitted to the contact points,
down to the interdental embrasure.
• Space between the tag arms and
palate for flow of acrylic.
• No sharp bends.


Adv ant ages
• Small neat and unobtrusive.
• Any tooth.
• Both deciduous and permanent
dentition.
• Even on semi erupted tooth.
• No specialized pliers required.
• Can be modified as needed.
• No. of variations are available.


di s adv ant ages
• Unwanted palatal tipping if gets
activated.
• May lead to elongation of tooth if
is fitting tightly.
• Can be repaired only if fractured
through the arrowheads.
• Cannot be given on proclined
anteriors.


MODIFICATIONS


Ant er i or adam
s
• 0.6mm
• Also called double clasp.


W t h di s t al ext ens i on/
i
t r ac t i on hook
• To engage elastics
• Not given if sulcus is shallow.


W t h eyel et
i


W t h a s ol der ed hook
i


W t h a s ol der ed t ube
i


W t h a s i ngl e ar r owhead
i


W t h ac c es s or y ar r owhead
i


Sm t c l as p
ar


Del t a c l as p


Thank
you

Removable appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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