Education and learning is probably that single phenomenon that has the greatest impact on humans and societies, in particular in a long-term perspective (OECD 2014).
Grand challenge number one is to breach the trend preventing developing countries, in particular South of Everyone aspiring for higher education should have the right to affordable access. This is grand challenge number two. And it cannot be met without open education and technology enhanced learning.Sahara, taking part in the global knowledge revolution.
Three messages:
• Senior management in education needs to innovate from within to open up education.
• Governments must take firm decision on holistic policies for open and distance education.
• Stakeholders should team up meeting the two grand challenges through open education and technology enhanced learning.
1. Make
the difference!
Global Trends in Open, Distance and e-Learning
Curitiba, 08 October 2014
Gard Titlestad, Secretary General
International Council For Open and Distance Education
2. Education:
Power to transform
2 Skills transform lives and drive economies
literacy skills (scoring at PIAAC Level 4/5 compared with those scoring at Level 1 or below)
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
Increased likelihood of positive outcomes for adults with higher
Being Employed High wages Good to
excellent health
Participation in
volunteer
activities
High levels of
political efficacy
High levels of
trust
Odds ratio
Andreas Schleicher, OECD, Wellington, 28 March 2014
3. Education
Average years of education
Years of education West-Europe The world Africa south of Sahara
This is our
Challenge
Source: Aftenposten/OECD. How Was Life?
Shows long-term progress in key areas of well-being
16. Automation
Robots Sensors
2020 – 80% connected
Internet of things Open Research
Cost OER
eScience
Open
knowledge
Globalisation
Societal needs
Technology
Flexibility
Students needs
and
expectations
Trends, within
the framwork of globalisation
and internationalisation
HE needs – 1 U a week
Enabling economic growth
Demographics
Access
Open Access
eInfrastructures
Open Data
Open Innovation
US quadruppling
Southern Europe….
Developing economies
Employability
ICT Habitus
Lifelong
Open
knowledge
18. In 50 years there will be only 10
institutions in the world delivering
higher education and Udacity has a
shot at being one of them.
http://www.wired.com/2012/03/ff_aiclass/3/
Illustration: Adam Simpson
20. • ”LORD knows there’s a lot of bad news in the world today to
get you down, but there is one big thing happening that
leaves me incredibly hopeful about the future, and that is the
budding revolution in global online higher education. Nothing
has more potential to lift more people out of poverty — by
providing them an affordable education to get a job or
improve in the job they have. Nothing has more potential to
unlock a billion more brains to solve the world’s biggest
problems.”
Thomas Friedman,
columnist and author
21. 8 Things You Should Know
About MOOCs
By Jonah Newman and Soo Oh, June 13, 2014 (Harvard and MIT data)
http://chronicle.com/article/8-Things-You-Should-Know-About/146901/
• 1. The overwhelming majority of MOOC students are male
• 2. MOOCs attract students who already have college
degrees
• 3. The median age of MOOC participants is 24
• 4. One-third of MOOC participants are from North America
• 5. Nearly half of registrants never engage with any of the
content
• 6. Europeans view the most course content
• 7. Students with a doctorate viewed more course material
• 8. Serial students are the most engaged
22. Think tank 20 October 2013, Open
Universitty of China, Beijing, China
Mind to MOOCs
Overview, reflections and brainstorming in whitening water
To be reported to the ICDE Standing Conference of Presidents meeting and
Policy Forum
23. Excerpts from ICDE Mind to MOOCs report
A few of the issues and recommendations
Equity.
• Consider this initiative as an opportunity to rethink our role as universities and take
up MOOCs. .
• Integrate open MOOCs in our respective institutions
• National, regional and transnational cooperation is a great opportunity in developing
MOOC and MOOC-alike concepts.
Diversity.
• Undertake contextualized strategies when implementing MOOCs
• Be aware of cultural and language aspects → anglo-centric core, colonialism
• OER and OCW as the basis for MOOC will ease contextual, cultural and language
adaptation
Innovation and Quality.
• Improve and innovate on pedagogical aspects: methodologies, content formats,
assessment.
• Provide learning analytics as a tool for improving the courses. Connect the learning
process and research for new knowledge and improvements.
• Promote research about MOOCs.
• Keep moving towards quality. Beyond quantity of MOOCs and users, the focus on
quality is essential for sustainability.
24. The Open University Catalunia
Innovate from within,
put faculty in the lead
2014 2011
The Innovative University: What College
Presidents Think About Change in American
Higher Education, Chronicle
26. The BIG Picture
• Open, Online and Distance Education is steadily
increasing all over the world
India Sweden
Russia
South America
The US
Africa
Australia
China
27. The BIG picture
• Online, Distance (ODL) and on Campus Learning
are converging => Blended
ODL Blended
Campus
• And as a result – an even more diverse higher
education landscape……
28. From Elite to Universal
Participation
Elite
0-15%
Mass
16-50%
Universal
Over 50%
Functions of higher
education
Shaping mind and character of
ruling class; preparation for
elite roles
Transmission of skills;
preparation for broader
range of technical elite roles
Adaptation of "whole
population" to rapid social
and technological change
Curriculum and
forms of
instruction
Highly structured in terms of
academic conceptions of
knowledge
Modular, flexible and semi-structured
sequence of
courses
Boundaries and sequences
break down; distinctions
between learning and life
break down
Institutional
characteristics
Homogeneous with high and
common standards; small
residential communities; clear
and impermeable boundaries
Comprehensive with more
diverse standards; "cities of
intellect" – mixed residential
& commuting; boundaries
fuzzy and permeable.
Great diversity with no
common model; aggregates
of people enrolled
but...many rarely on campus;
boundaries weak or non-existent.
Research and
knowledge transfer
Pursuit of understanding of
fundamental principles
focused on "pure disciplines"
and arising from curiosity,
with no (direct or immediate)
commercial benefits.
Pursuit of understanding of
principles in order to solve
practical problems of the
modern world, rather than
to acquire knowledge for
knowledge’s sake.
Research is democratised,
co-produced with and
responsive to wider society,
with an emphasis on impact
and benefit.
(Hazelkorn, 2011 – Adapted from Brennan, 2004 and Trow, 1973, 1974, 2006; Gibbons et al, 1994)
29. Kavli Science Forum: "Higher Education in the
21st Century - The Technological Revolution in
Open Education: The Death of a Traditional
System or the Next Wave of Democracy?"
http://www.kavliprize.org/events-and-features/2014-kavli-prize-science-forum
30. The BIG picture
• Three streams work in parallel:
– Online becomes mature – and Internet/mobile:
freedom from distance, mobile broadband:
freedom from location
– New methodologies, content and pedagogy – new
opportunities for student supportive teaching
– New knowledge about the brain and learning, new
knowledge in neurosciences
32. IOMS (IT Operations
Management system)
“Cloud-based” technology support model
ISMS (Information security
management system)
Software & Education resource Services
（ Open, shared, quality and massive education resources
……
and e-learning software （
Platform Services
（ Portal, CAS, Teaching, Managing, Support service, Research, etc.（
Infrastructure Services
（ IDC, Computing and storage pools, high-speed network （
…
…
…
…
Mobile Internet
Satellite Network
VPN Internet
Cloud
Networks
Terminals
OUC Pad
Cloud Desktop
Cloud TV
Cloud Phone
Cloud Classroom
Ref. Yang Zhijian, president Open University of China, ICDE world Conference, Tianjin, China
October 2013
33. “Promote open educational resources, to help
teachers and students everywhere.”
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/09/24/celebrating-open-government-around-globe
35. • The Norwegian MOOC
Commission was
appointed by Royal
Decree on 21 June 2013.
• Final report, green paper,
June 2014.
• Now on broad
consultation
• A white paper on
structures and financial
regulations foreseen in
2015.
http://www.regjeringen.no/mobil/nb/dep/kd/dok/nouer/2014/NOU-2014-51.html?id=766892
37. The European Commission's
Opening up Education
initiative in a nutshell
”The main goal of this initiative is to stimulate
ways of learning and teaching through ICT and
digital content, mainly through the development
and availability of OER.”
http://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/initiative
38.
39.
40. OER and Open and
Distance Learning can
increase the impact of
investments in knowledge
OER &
ODL
Open Access – open science
Research based OER
Research based teaching
High quality education
Research based education
Resource based education
Open education
Innovation in education – open innovation
Innovate the learning system – flip the classroom
Knowledge supply for innovation
41. 2012 Paris OER Declaration
1. Foster awareness and use of OER
2. Facilitate enabling environments for use of Information and
Communications Technologies (ICT)
3. Reinforce the development of strategies and policies on OER
4. Promote the understanding and use of open licensing frameworks
5. Support capacity building for the sustainable development of
quality learning materials
6. Foster strategic alliances for OER
7. Encourage the development and adaptation of
OER in a variety of languages/cultural contexts
8. Encourage research on OER
9. Facilitate finding, retrieving and sharing of OER
10.Encourage the open licensing of educational
materials produced with public funds
42.
43. THE STATE OF HIGHER EDUCATION:
Selected key findings and rec.
• Findings
• The public and individuals benefit
from higher education, HE, in
financial and non financial ways.
– HE generates positive returns to the
public in general, as well as to the
people who obtain degrees.
• HE without a degree does not boost
earnings.
– Although there are some benefits to
HEparticipation, even if no degree is
earned, drop-outs do not usually enjoy
the same financial returns that degree
holders can expect.
44. Better integration of education
and vaulue chains needed
http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/
45.
46. The BIG picture
• We are in the beginning (of the beginning) –
example: mobile technology
47. We are in the beginning of the
beginning
State of Broadband Report 2013 www.broadbandcommission.org
48. Image: O3b Networks
Google's Project Loon uses big networked
air balloons to fill internet black holes
Google to launch 180 satellites in
$1bn plan to cover the unwired
Several initiatives for covering
the unwired underway
49. African Undersea
Cables
Picture updated
May 2014
We are in the
beginning of the
beginning
http://manypossibilities.net/african-undersea-cables/
50.
51. The mill that grinds on
the bottom of the ocean
Hege Røyert, NTB Scanpix
Navngivelse-Ikke kommersiell-Del på samme vilkår Creative Commons lisens
NDLA
53. The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?
About 47 per cent of total US employment is at risk.
http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/publications/view/1314
Computerization Threatens One Third of Finnish
Employment
http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/rifbriefs/22.htm
37% of Danish jobs classified with high
probability for being phased out
http://www.kraka.org/artikler/computere_og_udskiftning_af_jobfunktioner
Vartannat jobb automatiseras inom 20 år
http://www.stratresearch.se/Documents/Folder.pdf
Technology and jobs; Coming to an office near you
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21594298-effect-todays-technology-tomorrows-jobs-will-be-immenseand-no-country-ready
The future of jobs; The onrushing wave
http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21594264-previous-technological-innovation-has-always-delivered-more-long-run-employment-not-less
54. Automation
Robots Sensors
2020 – 80% connected
Internet of things Open Research
Cost OER
eScience
Open
knowledge
Globalisation
Societal needs
Technology
Flexibility
Students needs
and
expectations
Trends, within
the framwork of globalisation
and internationalisation
HE needs – 1 U a week
Enabling economic growth
Demographics
Access
Open Access
eInfrastructures
Open Data
Open Innovation
US quadruppling
Southern Europe….
Developing economies
Employability
ICT Habitus
Lifelong
57. Innovate from within to enhance
learning through technologies
Leadership for change
–put faculty in lead
58. From distance learning to open education: a
changing landscape
Alan Tait
Professor of Distance Education and
Development
The Open University UK
From distance learning to open education 58
59. Decide Holistic Policies for open,
distance, online, flexible eLearning
Set a new
governmental agenda
for education
60. MOOC in an international perspective:
New global agenda for innovation
in higher education
• 1) Governments contribute to a comprehensive framework that promotes open
online education in line with UNESCO 's values and helps to establish incentives
for education in dialogue with key stakeholders in the field, primarily higher
education institutions, where the specific goals must be set. A clear policy for
OER based on the UNESCO declaration must be part of this framework.
• 2) Leadership in transition to more open and distance higher education must be
supported, facilitated and expertise built.
• 3) Incentives and support for teachers retraining, upskilling and improvement
of working conditions for more open and online education.
• 4) Framework and methodologies to put the learner in the centre.
• 5) Cooperation across institutional boundaries and possibly borders, on content
and platforms for more open and distance education, including MOOC.
• 6) Interoperability between different solutions.
• 7) Common global outlook, statistics and understanding of fundamental
concepts.
• 8) Specific goals and plans for research and innovation firmly rooted in the
stakeholder institutions and communities.
61. Regulate online
education?
Under the UK's Locomotive Act 1865, anyone driving a car in town had to be led by a
man who walked in front of the car, carrying a red flag -- to prevent 'fatal accidents'
62. A horse pulling the car?
Lectures on campus
driving ecucation?
63. Round table discussion, State Duma of the
Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
“On-line and e-learning, open educational resources, MOOCs, smart-education
and other e-technologies and e-resources: Legislative and
regulatory support for their development and application in national
educational systems. Russian and foreign experience”
Moscow, 24 September 2014
Gard Titlestad, Secretary General
International Council For Open and Distance Education
64.
65. Two policy forum planned,
Future directions for ODL:
20 November 2014: Open Education
Key issues in policy for governments
and senior management in higher education
Interventions, from
UNESCO, ICDE and
stakeholders from
organisations, public and
private sector
High Level Policy Forum 17 October 2015:
Open Education: Key issues and policy
advices for governments and senior
management in higher education
