2. Presents two levels of meaning One that we understand One that the character understands Different Kinds Verbal (sarcasm) Structural Irony Unreliable Narrator Dramatic Tragic Cosmic WHAT IS IRONY?
3. When the speaker intends something entirely different than what is being stated. Trying to seem a certain way, but really “secretly” meaning it another way. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift VERBAL IRONY
4. Example: Mother comes into the TV room and discovers her 11-year-old watching South Park instead of doing his homework, as he was set to a dozen minutes ago. Pointing to the screen she says, "Don't let me tempt you from your duties, kiddo, but when you're finished with your serious studies there, maybe we could take some time out for recreation and do a little math." VERBAL IRONY continued..
5. Example: Dad is finally out of patience with picking up after his son, who can't seem to be trained to put his dirty clothes in the hamper instead of letting them drop wherever he happens to be when he takes them off. "Would My lord please let me know when it pleases him to have his humble servant pick up after him?" VERBAL IRONY continued..
6. Example: "My, you've certainly made a mess of things!" could be said in congratulations to someone who's just graduated summa cum laude, or to a hostess who presents a spectacular dish prepared with obvious care and skill. VERBAL IRONY continued..
7. The difference between VERBAL IRONY and SARCASM is that SARCASM intends to upset the other person. VERBAL IRONY assumes the other person understands what you are really trying to say. VERBAL IRONY continued..
8. Come up your own example of Verbal Irony VERBAL IRONY ACTIVITY
9. When a character in a story understands something a different way that was intended. When a character misunderstands Example: Voltaire’s Candide encounters many evils but always comments obtusely and stupidly upon them, saying “All is for the best.” STRUCTURAL IRONY
10. Example In Jonathan Swift’s satire Gulliver’s Travels (1726) the gullible narrator Gulliver is told horses are superior to men, so he begins to act like a horse. STRUCTURAL IRONY
11. Come up with your own example of Structural Irony STRUCTURAL IRONY ACTIVITY
12. A Narrator who continually interprets events and intentions the wrong way. Can you think of a character from a movie or book where the narrator or character was unreliable? UNRELIABLE NARRATOR
13. When the audience knows information that a character lacks for comedic effect – Dramatic When the audience knows information that a character lacks and end tragically – Tragic DRAMATIC / TRAGIC IRONY
14. Example: In Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter," when Hester is in the governor's garden to see to it that Pearl is not taken away from her, she asks the Reverend Dimmesdale to support her position. This is an example of dramatic irony as the reader knows that Dimmesdale and Hester are partners in sin, but the characters do not. DRAMATIC / TRAGIC IRONY
15. Example Oedipus is a good example of tragic irony, as the audience knows that he is the one guilty of the crime he seeks to punish. DRAMATIC / TRAGIC IRONY
16. Come up with your own example of Dramatic or Tragic Irony in the form of a short story. DRAMATIC / TRAGIC IRONYACTIVITY
19. a hapless house-cat is watching out the window when there is a collision outside between two trucks, one labeled "Bob's Assorted Rodents" and another labeled "Al's Small Flightless Birds. When the cat tries to leave the house to get some “munchies” a gust of wind slams the door closed.COSMIC IRONY
20. Example A man is on a voyage home at sea and the water is calm and the sun is shining. He sees his home in the distance and he knows in a day he will be home. Suddenly a freak storm erupts and sinks the man’s boat. COSMIC IRONY
21. Come up with your own example of COSMIC IRONY COSMIC IRONY ACTIVITY
