5. Example : Sweet
sugar is sweet
sweet potato
sweet face
sweet voice
boiled sweets
sweet talk
sweet tooth
sweet smell
sweet milk
sweetheart
sweet music
sweet child
6. B. Clines
• A graded sequence of difference within
a species
• Comes from the Greek klino meaning
“to slope”
• Words in a cline fit into the same
statement, but each would have a
different meaning.
7. Example:
The water is ________________________.
Words that would fit into the sentence
are: hot, cold, warm which temperatures of
varying degrees.
HOT
WARM
COLD
8. C. Cluster
Group of similar or related things.
Such words may not be clined
because it is not easy to show a
sequential degree of meaning. Thus
they may be written around a word
which serves as a cover term.
9. Examples:
attractive, lovely, beautiful,
charming (synonyms)
fly, mosquito, ant, locust (insect –
same group)
operating room, syringe, doctor,
emergency room ( word that are
evoked when you say hospital)
10.
11. D. Configuration
It is the arrangement of the parts
of something.
It refers to the information given
through the size and shape of
the letter as well as through the
length or the number of letters
there are in the word.
14. E. Creativity
To cause or to come into
existence.
This study technique is
characterized by originality of
thought or by the use of the
imagination.
16. F. Context
Words and sentences which
surround the unfamiliar term
are used as clues in getting its
meaning as well as the way
which it should be
pronounced.
17. Example:
He is gregarious character,
always reaching out to others
and enjoying their company.
a. mature c. ignorant
b. sociable d. happy
18. Clipping
This is the process of
shortening a word in which
only part of it represents the
whole word.
Example: phone from the
world telephone
19. These processes are:
1. Acronym
This is the process by which the
beginning letters are used to
stand for the whole term which
is composed of several words.
Example: DECS stands of
Department of Culture and
Sports .
20. 2. Blending
This is a process of getting
only a part of each word in
the phrase to form a new
word.
Example: smog –smoke – fog
23. Words have the same
meaning or a meaning about
the same.
Synonyms fall under this class
Example: talk – chat, speech, address, oration
unmarried – spinster, bachelorette,
old maid
1. Similarity
24. 2. Contrast
Words are opposite in meaning.
Maybe referred to as antonyms.
Example:
volatile – calm
indigent – wealthy
25. 3. Cause and Effect
Example:
Because of the jeepney and
bus strike, many people were
stranded, and some walked
many kilometres just to get
home.
26. 4. Part - whole
A part of something may stand for the
whole, or vice versa.
In figurative language this would be
called synecdoche.
Example:
The sail was like a dot in the open sea.
(sail stands for the whole ship)
27. 5. Classification
Words belonging to the same genus may
also be called grouping because the
relationship between the words is one of
the similarity of certain characteristics.
Example:
animal – (four-legged beast), lion, elephant,
horse
stringed musical instruments – guitar, violin,
base
28. 6. Predication
This is the relationship between a
noun and its verb, a doer and its
action and the action and its
receiver.
Example:
Birds – fly; build-nest
Horse-neighs; gallops- across field
29. 7. Derivation
This refers to words that grow out
of other words.
Example:
friend-befriend, friendly,
friendliness, boyfriend, girl friend
30. 8. Sound
Words have exactly the same
sound or are similar in
pronunciation.
Example:
write- rite, right, wright
( homonyms)
read/ riyd/ – read/red/ heteronyms
cite- scythe (similarity, not
sameness)
31. 9. Modification
The relationship between the word
and its modifier.
Example: An anonymous letter
(adjective)
Helped arrive immediately, (adverb)
A most welcome aid (intensifier –
adjective)
32. 10. Completion
The relationship between the
words in a compound word.
Example:
back + ground = background
33. 11. Association
Includes the relationship between
words and ideas that are brought to
mind with a given word.
Example: Words like referee, court,
blocking, PBA, import, cager, 3-
point shot, fast ball, etc. are
associated with basketball game.