Tools and terms
Version 2.0 by Heather Ford

(1) Terms

some rights reserved
all rights reserved no rights reserved
The license spectrum
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Spectrumofrights_Comic1

(a) Copyright

Monopoly rights

Features
• no registration required
• requires originality and fixation
• idea/expression dichotomy
• moral rights
• national treatment
• minimum standards
• orphan works

Life + 50 years (literary or
musical works or artistic
works, other than
photographs)
The public domain

(a) for the purposes of research or private study by, or the
personal or private use of, the person using the work;
(b) for the purposes of criticism or review of that work or of
another work; or
(c) for the purpose of reporting current events.
‘Fair dealing’ exceptions

works in the public domain
copyrighted works
fair dealing/use
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bascula_9.jpg

(b) Copyleft

“If property can enclose a commons, then
property can also create a commons”

Freedom 0: The freedom to run the
program for any purpose.
Freedom 1: The freedom to study
and modify the program.
Freedom 2: The freedom to copy
the program so you can help your
neighbor.
Freedom 3: The freedom to
improve the program, and release
your improvements to the public, so
that the whole community benefits.
Free software
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software

Creative Commons licenses

(2) Case studies

(a) All licenses

The Flickr Commons

services
technology provider content providers
(owned by Yahoo!)
services - hosting photos (diff. res) - housing and preserving
- connecting photographers - facilitating access to the public
- enabling cross-media
sharing

partners
technology provider content providers
(owned by Yahoo!)
partner technology is free have great content + bring
incentives (hosting + software dev.) their own audiences

value proposition
technology provider content providers
(owned by Yahoo!)
unique enhanced services for enhance accessibility and
value storing, managing and reuse of images
sharing

customer relationship strategy
technology provider content providers
(owned by Yahoo!)
customers engender trust that engender trust that the public
amateur photographers and the needs of user creators
are at the core of their are at the core of their mission
mission

revenue streams
technology provider content providers
(owned by Yahoo!)
revenue • Subscriptions • None
• Advertising • Funding (but not
purely for digitisation)
• Marketplace
• Online donations
from individuals

Marketplace e.g. Moo

Marketplace e.g. Getty
Facilitating commercial licensing for Flickr
photographers through Getty Images
stock photographs purchased through
non-commercial sharing
licensing agreements

(b) public domain or cc0
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0

Project Gutenberg

(c) cc attribution

(d) allow derivatives

http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0

(e) cc non-commercial license + cc+
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Ccplus

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/za/
Please link back to http://hblog.org and acknowledge the author: Heather Ford