2. The Greeks Idealism / Rationalism Socrates : correct reasoning leads to knowledge Plato : ideas are real, perception is not to be trusted An Early Scientist Aristotle: perception and experience are required to gain knowledge

4. Founders of Psychology Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) - phrenology

5. More Founders Johannes Muller (1801-1858) “ specific nerve energy” in sensory systems Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795-1878) Psychophysics: just noticable difference

6. Still More Founders Hermann von Helmholz (1821-1894) physicist, measured speed of nerve impulse, developed trichromatic theory of color vision Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) first psychology laboratory in 1879

10. Modern Specializations Social Psychology: How do people influence each other? How does being a part of a group influence an individual’s behavior? Individual Differences: How do we differ from one another, and how can we measure those differences? Physiological Psychology: How does biology contribute to our “minds” and behavior? Clinical Psychology: What kinds of behaviors and emotions are “abnormal”? How can we best treat “mental illness”?

11. Modern Specializations 2 Sensation and Perception : How do we get an impression of the external world? Learning and Memory: How do we learn from the consequences of our behavior, and how does that shape our future behavior? How do we store information? Cognitive Psychology : How do we think and make decisions? Developmental Psychology : Are there general principles that describe how children behave as they grow into adults? What may go wrong in development, and what are the consequences?