Reading Guides for Chapter 7

1. Chapter 7: Performance and Fitness
Human Performance:
A Function of Fitness

2. Human Performance: A Function of Fitness
•What 2 RESOURCES does your body require to
carry out daily activities?
▫ Matter:
Example:
 all physical objects consist of
matter.
 includes atoms and other
particles which have mass.
 matter is organized into specific
structures.

3. Human Performance: A Function of Fitness
▫ Energy:
 Energy is needed to organize matter and perform work.
 All cells in your body require energy.
 Ex. It takes energy to build/use muscle or grow flower
petals.

4. Human Performance: A Function of Fitness
If all people require energy and matter, why
are some people more athletic than others?
 Matter in the athletic individual is
organized more effectively.
 Ex. Their muscles are larger and
stronger  carries out tasks better!
 Energy is supplied more effectively
in the athlete…they may pump
blood and exchange nutrients in
their capillaries more efficiently.

5. Food: Our Body's Source of
Energy and Structural Material

6. Food: Our Body's Source of Energy
and Structural Material
• What is food?
▫ Any substance that your body can use is a raw
material to sustain its growth, repair and provide
energy.
WATER
▫ Food consists mostly of ________.
 Each day you consume on average _______ of water.
2 Liters
▫ What major classes of nutrients is food made
up of?
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Fats

7. Food: Our Body's Source of Energy
and Structural Material
• What is the job of YOUR digestive system?
▫ To break down large nutrient molecules into small
molecules.
▫ The molecules must be small enough to pass
through your small intestines into the blood.

8. Food: Our Body's Source of Energy
and Structural Material
• What are each of the following molecules broken
into?
▫ Carbohydrates Simple Sugars
▫ Proteins  Amino Acids
▫ Fats  Glycerol and Fatty Acids

9. Food: Our Body's Source of Energy
and Structural Material
• Why does our body need carbohydrates?
▫ Provides readily available energy.
▫ Found in bread, cereal, pasta
• Why does our body need proteins?
▫ Repairs and maintains body tissue.
▫ Found in meat, milk, eggs, soy, grains, nuts, seeds,
legumes.
• Why does our body need fats?
▫ Make hormones, cell membranes and provide energy.
▫ Found in meat, cheese, butter, oils, sweets

10. Food: Our Body's Source of Energy
and Structural Material
• What are the two other components of nutrients
that make up food?
▫ Vitamins regulate cell activities.
▫ Essential Elements  help maintain
homeostasis.

11. Pioneers: The Changing face of
the Food Guide Pyramid

12. Food Guide Pyramid
• What is the difference between a serving size
and a helping?
▫ Serving Size= the amount that has been analyzed
for nutritional value.
▫ Helping= the amount you choose to consume!
• How is the Food Guide Pyramid changing?
▫ To meet the needs of our culturally diverse
population.

14. Mouth:
1) Teeth (mechanical)-grind
2) Salivary Glands (chemical)
▫ soften & secrete salivary amylase that begins
to break down starch to disaccharides.
3) Epiglottis:
▫ flap that blocks trachea to prevent food and
water from entering.

15. Esophagus:
• Made of muscle.
• Moves food by means of
peristalsis (muscle
contractions)
Stomach:
a) Mechanical-Muscles contract to churn food
b) Mucus – lubricates & protects stomach lining
from acids and enzymes
c) hydrochloric acid -activates enzymes, dissolves
minerals & kills bacteria
d) pepsin – breaks proteins to amino acids
•

16. E) Liver – not part of digestive tract
1) store glycogen
2) detoxify substances
from blood
3) secretes bile into
small intestine that
breaks up fat
droplets. Bile is
stored in gall
bladder until
required for
digestion
cirrhosis

17. F) Pancreas- ot part of digestive tract – secretes
n
pancreatic fluid (digestive enzymes) into small
intestines and neutralizes fluids from stomach

18. 1) Trypsin
proteins amino acids
2) Amylase
starch simple sugar
3) Lipase
fat fatty acid and glycerol
4) Nuclease
nucleic acids nucleotides

19. G) Small Intestines- receive secretions from gall
bladder & pancreas to complete digestion
absorption
lining has fingerlike
projections called villi
(increase surface area) –
contain blood vessels &
lymph, they absorb water
& nutrients.

20. H) Large Intestines or colon-
• Reabsorb water
from food material
Absorb vitamins
produced by
bacteria
(E Coli in intestines
)
• Eliminate feces,
waste products,
from anus

21. Tongue
Mouth
Salivary
Glands
Esophagus
Liver Stomach
Gall Bladder Pancreas
Large Intestines
Small
Intestines
rectum
Anal
Sphincter

22. Anorexia Nervosa
Dying to be Thin

23. Anorexia Nervosa
Affects ___________ people (mostly teenage girls) in the United
1 million
States.
• What happens if anorexia nervosa is left untreated?
▫ Hormone levels will drop
▫ Heart muscle will become weak and thin
▫ Digestive system will malfunction
▫ Electrical activity in the brain will become
abnormal
▫ Electrolyte imbalance can lead to heart failure
▫ Possible death
• Why is treating Anorexia Nervosa complex?
▫ Take into account the physical, cultural and
psychological self.
▫ Treatment is the MOST successful when the family
is involved!!!!