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  Childhood Tuberculosis Mbbs.weebly.com
Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Epidemiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Epidemiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Etiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dr. Robert Koch  discovered the tuberculosis bacilli in 1882  He received the  Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine  in 1905 for this discovery
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The transmission is determined ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathogenesis ,[object Object],Human immunity
Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Immunity /hypersensitivity  after TB infection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two types of cells are essential in the formation of TB ,[object Object],[object Object]
T lymphocytes(CD4+) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Basic pathologic changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A characteristic tubercle at low magnification ( A ) and in detail ( B ) central caseation surrounded by epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells(C)  mycobacteria with acid-fast stains ( D ).
Progression of tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Five common clinical patterns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History /Clinical Manifestations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tuberculin skin test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Result is read by measuring the diameter of induration 48-72hrs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Significance ,[object Object],[object Object]
Positive Reaction :  indicates TB exposure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative Reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PPD reaction of natural TB infection  and BCG vaccination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laboratory examinations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chest radiography ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
bronchoscopy ,[object Object],[object Object]
Puncture of peripherial LN ,[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemotherapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of antitubercular drug ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Isoniazid (INH)  first-line drug ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dosage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adverse effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rifampin (RFP)   first-line drug ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemotherapy Regimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two Stage Therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Short-term Therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prophylatic chemotherapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Tuberculous meningitis
Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Manifestation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The 2nd Stage 1-2wks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The 3rd Stage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differentiation diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anti-tuberculous therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Latent infection of tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Miliary tuberculosis in an infant whose uncle also had tuberculosis. There is adenopathy in addition to the millet seed–like lesions
 
A posteroanterior (A) and lateral (B) chest radiograph of a child with hilar adenopathy caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy and a partial segmental lesion in a child with tuberculosis
Lobar pneumonia with bowing of the horizontal fissure in a child with tuberculosis. a secondary bacterial pneumonia may have been present
Tuberculous pleural effusion in a teenage girl. The pleural biopsy had caseating granulomas
A magnetic resonance image of tuberculoma in a child with culture-positive tuberculous meningitis. The child's presenting signs and symptoms included fever, altered mental status, and hemiparesis
Thank you

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Childhood Tuberculosis Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  • 1. Childhood Tuberculosis Mbbs.weebly.com
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  • 6. Dr. Robert Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacilli in 1882 He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery
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  • 18. A characteristic tubercle at low magnification ( A ) and in detail ( B ) central caseation surrounded by epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells(C) mycobacteria with acid-fast stains ( D ).
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  • 61. Miliary tuberculosis in an infant whose uncle also had tuberculosis. There is adenopathy in addition to the millet seed–like lesions
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  • 63. A posteroanterior (A) and lateral (B) chest radiograph of a child with hilar adenopathy caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • 64. Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy and a partial segmental lesion in a child with tuberculosis
  • 65. Lobar pneumonia with bowing of the horizontal fissure in a child with tuberculosis. a secondary bacterial pneumonia may have been present
  • 66. Tuberculous pleural effusion in a teenage girl. The pleural biopsy had caseating granulomas
  • 67. A magnetic resonance image of tuberculoma in a child with culture-positive tuberculous meningitis. The child's presenting signs and symptoms included fever, altered mental status, and hemiparesis