6. Virus
❖ small infectious agents that can replicate only within cells
❖ most too small to see with light microscope
❖ initial discovery by Martinus Beijerinck (tobacco virus)
❖ 5,000 + virus strains indentified
13. Human Pappiloma virus
❖ 130 known types
❖ infects squamous epithelium of skin or genitals
❖ only able to infect few specific areas on the body
❖ few cause cancer (HPV 16,18) cervical cancer most common
20. Abscess Tooth
❖ The main symptom is a severe toothache. The pain is continuous and may be described as gnawing, sharp, shooting, or
throbbing.
Other symptoms may include:
• Bitter taste in the mouth
• Breath odor
• General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling
• Fever
• Pain when chewing
• Sensitivity of the teeth to hot or cold
• Swollen glands of the neck
• Swollen area of the upper or lower jaw -- a very serious symptom
21. Bacterial causes of Gingivitis,
Periodontal Disease:
Gram Stain and Shape
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Gram-negative rod
Bacteroides forsythus
Gram-negative rod
Capnocytophaga
Gram-negative rod
Eubacterium sp.
Gram-positive bacillus
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Gram-negative rod
Micromonas (Peptostreptococcus) micros
Gram-positive coccus
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Gram-negative rod
Prevotella intermedia
Gram-negative rod
Selenomonas
Gram-negative curved rod
Oral spirochetes (Treponema denticola, most have not been named yet)
Unable to Gram stain; spiral shape
32. Bubonic plague
(rats! with fleas)
❖ yersinia pestis
❖ killed 30-60% Europe’s population 1400
❖ around 100 million died
33. Fungi (fun-guy?) or fun while
bungi jumping (fun-gee)
❖ eukaryotes which contain membrane bound nuclei with
chromosomes that contain DNA
❖ most grow as tubular elongated and thread like and are
called hyphae
❖ normally inhabit soil, plants, animals
