The document discusses the concept and design of Persian gardens. Some key points: 1. Persian gardens were designed to resemble paradise, with order, tranquility, and rich vegetation to contrast the dry climate outside. They featured shade, the sounds of water and birds, and fragrant flowers. 2. In Islam, the Quran depicts paradise as a garden with shade, water, milk, wine and honey, influencing the design of Persian gardens. 3. A key Persian garden design is the "Chahar Bagh" or four gardens divided by water channels, intended to provide different settings for relaxation. 4. Elements like centralized water features, shade structures, and dividing paths and gre

1. Persian
GardensNabiha Fatima
B.arch IIIrd Year
Delhi Technical Campus
(GGSIPU)

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INTRODUCTION
>The Persian gardens were created as a
model of paradise.
> Greater part of Persia was arid, lacking
water and vegetation.
>The concept of Persian garden was
definitely paradise like, fertile and rich with
fruits and flowers in contrast to the draught,
heat and sun outside.
>It had order and tranquility.
>It can be identified as a place where one
could sit in shade and relax, enjoy the
sounds of the birds, water flow and
fragrance of flowers.

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THE BINDING FACTOR- ISLAM
>In Quran, the garden is constantly cited as
the symbol of paradise, with shade and
water as its ideal elements.
>For main rivers of paradise are also
specified, one with water, one with milk, one
with wine and one of purified honey .
>This is the origin of the Quartered Garden
known in Persia as >Chahar Bagh or Four
Gardens which were divided by means of
THE CONCEPT OF PARADISE GARDENS
paradise is derived from old Iranian root, as
pairi.daêza

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“The god has actually defined paradise as Garden, and it
is up to individual not only to aspire to it in the after-life,
but also to try to create its image hare on earth.”
The concept of Persian garden was definitely paradise
like, fertile and rich with fruits and flowers in contrast to
the draught, heat and sun outside. It had order and
tranquility.
“It can be identified as a place where one could sit
in shade and relax, enjoy the sounds of the birds,
water flow and fragrance of flowers.
Planting of trees and selection of species was
carefully done in order to improve micro climate

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57 degrees
32 degrees
PLANTING IN PERSIAN GARDENS,CHANGING THE
MICROCLIMATE

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ELEMENTS OF PERSIAN GARDENS
The important Persian garden elements are
sunlight, shade, water, buildings.
These elements provide relaxation in different
manners such as spiritual, leisurely (e.g. meetings
with friends) etc. which is the primary aim of Persian
garden which is considered as a paradise on earth.
The Persian gardens often connect internal yard
gardens with the surrounding outward gardens.
Classical Formal
Casual
Public Hayāt
Meidān Park
Private Hayāt
Chahar Bāgh Bāgh

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Characteristic features of
Persian gardens :
>The most important factor of Persian gardens is to
build shade type structures wherever necessary in the
garden.
>This helps to cope with hot climates and keep the
atmosphere cool.
>These gardens are closed and walled and have very
little association with the area outside these walls.
>The Persian gardens necessarily have a central
water feature or ponds as water is the soul of these
gardens.
>Fountains tend to be more of modern Persian garden
design. It is a best way save water and maintain with
the original design consisting of a water structure.
>The gardens have crisp colors and clean alignments.

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Hayat:
> This is the old classical Persian garden layout which highly emphasizes
on aesthetics.
>The grounds are covered with gravels flagged with stones.
>Planting is very simple. The trees are planted in a line with a shade.
>The pools are the source of humidity in the surrounding atmosphere.
>These gardens are mainly pool centered and structure centered.
Meidan:
>This is a public, formal garden which emphasizes more on
biotic elements than structure.
>Here we see bedding plants, trees, shrubs, grasses, etc.
>In this garden also the elements like gravel pathways, pools
divide the lawns.

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Chahar Bagh:
>These gardens are formal and private.
>The garden structure mainly consists of four quadrants divided
by pathways and waterways.
>This garden has a balanced structure with proper pathways and
greenery or plants around the periphery of the pool.
Park:
>These are casual parks used for public functions.
>These are full of various plants.
> Here we see pathways and seating but these gardens are limited
in terms of structural elements.
>The purpose of such gardens is relaxation and socialization.
Bagh:
> These gardens are often attached to houses consisting of trees,
lawns and ground plants.
>It gives less emphasis on waterways and pathways. The primary
aim is familial relaxation.

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Chahar Bagh
Bagh and Park

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Chahar Bagh These gardens are private and formal
consisting of four quadrants divided by waterways or
pathways.
Traditionally, the rich used such gardens in work-
related functions.
These gardens balance structure with greenery, with
the plants often around the periphery of a pool and path
based structure.
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF CHAHAR BAGH

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In a Chahar Bagh, fruit trees, water, rich pavilions
as places for pleasure and cool enjoyment, symbolizes
reflection of God,
> All aspects locked in total cosmic plan indicating ever
present God.
>On one hand centrifugal or outward directed force
flows out of the building into the natural paradise and
on the other hand a centripetal or inner directed force
flows into the fountain.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCES IN A CHAHAR BAGH CENTRIPETAL
FORCES IN A CHAHAR BAGH

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Islam promoted
> realism against Hindu idealism,
> material against the visionary and
> concrete against the abstract.
>Gardens was often carried out by Hindu
craftsman. So the result was far less rigid than
the parent Persian tradition.
Mughal Gardens in India –
Kashmir, Agra, Lahore and Delhi.
Shalimar bagh
Humayun’s tomb
Taj Mahal

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Shalimar bagh lahore