Business Analysis BOK

Version 1.6
A Guide to the

Business Analysis
Body of Knowledge

International Institute of Business Analysis

International Institute of Business Analysis

Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge
Draft Material for Review and Feedback

Release 1.6 Draft

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: PREFACE AND INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................ I
PREFACE TO RELEASE 1.6 .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 WHAT IS THE IIBA BOK........................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE GUIDE TO THE IIBA BOK ........................................................................................... 5
1.3 DEFINING THE BUSINESS ANALYSIS PROFESSION............................................................................... 6
1.4 CORE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS ANALYSIS............................................................................................ 6
1.4.1 DEFINITION OF A REQUIREMENT ..............................................................................................................................................................7
1.4.2 EFFECTIVE REQUIREMENTS PRACTICES ....................................................................................................................................................7
1.5 THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IN SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 8
1.5.1 ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.5.2 REQUIREMENTS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................................................9
1.5.3 REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION ....................................................................................................................................................................9
1.5.4 REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION ...........................................................................................................................10
1.5.5 REQUIREMENTS COMMUNICATION .......................................................................................................................................................10
1.5.6 SOLUTION ASSESSMENT AND VALIDATION ........................................................................................................................................10
1.5.7 COMPLEMENTARY CHAPTERS ................................................................................................................................................................10
1.6 THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IN CONTEXT ........................................................................................... 11
1.6.1 BODY OF KNOWLEDGE RELATIONSHIPS...............................................................................................................................................11
1.6.2 RELATIONSHIP TO THE SOLUTIONS LIFECYCLE ..................................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 2: ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS
2.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1 STRATEGIC PLANNING.............................................................................................................................................................................16
2.1.2 STRATEGIC GOAL SETTING.....................................................................................................................................................................17
2.1.3 THE BUSINESS ANALYST STRATEGIC ROLE .........................................................................................................................................18
2.1.4 THE BUSINESS ANALYST ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS ROLE ......................................................................................................................19
2.1.5 ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES.........................................................................................................................................................19
2.1.6 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER KNOWLEDGE AREAS .................................................................................................................................22
2.2 CREATING AND MAINTAINING THE BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE ........................................................ 22
2.2.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................22
2.2.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................23
2.2.3 KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................................................................................................................24
2.2.4 SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................25
2.2.5 PREDECESSORS .........................................................................................................................................................................................25
2.2.6 PROCESS AND ELEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................25
2.2.7 STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................28
2.2.8 DELIVERABLES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................28
2.2.9 TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................................................................................................................28
2.3 CONDUCTING FEASIBILITY STUDIES................................................................................................... 32
2.3.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................32
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2.3.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................32
2.3.3 KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................................................................................................................33
2.3.4 SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................33
2.3.6 STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................37
2.3.7 DELIVERABLES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................37
2.3.8 TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................................................................................................................39
2.4 DETERMINING PROJECT SCOPE .......................................................................................................... 42
2.4.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................42
2.4.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................43
2.4.3 KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................................................................................................................43
2.4.4 SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................44
2.4.5 PREDECESSORS .........................................................................................................................................................................................45
2.4.7 STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................46
2.4.8 DELIVERABLES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................46
2.4.9 TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................................................................................................................47
2.5 PREPARING THE BUSINESS CASE ........................................................................................................ 48
2.5.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................48
2.5.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................48
2.5.3 KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................................................................................................................48
2.5.4 SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................49
2.5.5 PREDECESSORS .........................................................................................................................................................................................49
2.5.7 STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................51
2.5.8 DELIVERABLES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................51
2.5.9 TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................................................................................................................53
2.6 CONDUCTING THE INITIAL RISK ASSESSMENT................................................................................... 54
2.6.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................54
2.6.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................54
2.6.3 KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................................................................................................................54
2.6.4 SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................54
2.6.5 PREDECESSORS .........................................................................................................................................................................................55
2.6.7 STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................56
2.6.8 DELIVERABLES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................56
2.6.9 TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................................................................................................................56
2.7 PREPARING THE DECISION PACKAGE ................................................................................................. 57
2.7.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................57
2.7.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................57
2.7.3 KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................................................................................................................................57
2.7.4 SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................57
2.7.5 PREDECESSORS .........................................................................................................................................................................................57
2.7.7 STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................58
2.7.8 DELIVERABLES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................58
2.7.9 TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................................................................................................................58
2.8 SELECTING AND PRIORITIZING PROJECTS.......................................................................................... 58
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2.9 LAUNCHING NEW PROJECTS ............................................................................................................... 59
2.10 MANAGING PROJECTS FOR VALUE ..................................................................................................... 59
2.11 TRACKING PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................................................ 60
2.12 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 60
CHAPTER 3: REQUIREMENTS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
3.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 63
3.1.1 KNOWLEDGE AREA DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................................................63
3.1.2 RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................................63
3.1.3 KNOWLEDGE AREA TASKS......................................................................................................................................................................64
3.1.4 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER KNOWLEDGE AREAS ..................................................................................................................................64
3.2 UNDERSTAND TEAM ROLES FOR THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 64
3.2.1 TASK: IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT TEAM ROLES FOR THE PROJECT ..............................................................................................65
3.2.2 TASK: IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT TEAM ROLE RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................68
3.2.3 TASK: IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................................................72
3.2.4 TECHNIQUE: CONSULT REFERENCE MATERIALS ..................................................................................................................................73
3.2.5 TECHNIQUE: QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTIFIED STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................75
3.2.6 TASK: DESCRIBE THE STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................76
3.2.7 TECHNIQUE: INTERVIEW STAKEHOLDERS TO SOLICIT DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................78
3.2.8 TASK: CATEGORIZE THE STAKEHOLDERS .............................................................................................................................................81
3.3 DEFINE BUSINESS ANALYST WORK DIVISION STRATEGY ................................................................. 82
3.3.1 TASK: DIVIDE WORK AMONGST A BUSINESS ANALYST TEAM..........................................................................................................82
3.3.2 TECHNIQUE: BUSINESS ANALYST WORK DIVISION STRATEGY.........................................................................................................83
3.3.3 TECHNIQUE: CO - ORDINATION OF INFORMATION WITHIN THE TEAM ............................................................................................87
3.3.4 TECHNIQUE: KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ..................................................................................................................................................90
3.4 DEFINE REQUIREMENTS RISK APPROACH .......................................................................................... 92
3.4.1 TASK: IDENTIFY REQUIREMENTS RISKS ..................................................................................................................................................94
3.4.2 TASK: DEFINE REQUIREMENTS RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH .....................................................................................................95
3.4.3 TECHNIQUE: REQUIREMENTS RISK PLANNING.....................................................................................................................................96
3.4.4 TECHNIQUE: REQUIREMENTS RISK MONITORING ...............................................................................................................................98
3.4.5 TECHNIQUE: REQUIREMENTS RISK CONTROL .....................................................................................................................................99
3.5 DETERMINE PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................100
3.5.1 TASK: IDENTIFY KEY PLANNING IMPACT AREAS ............................................................................................................................... 101
3.5.2 TASK: CONSIDER THE SDLC METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................ 102
3.5.3 TASK: CONSIDER THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................... 104
3.5.4 TASK: CONSIDER PROJECT RISK, EXPECTATIONS, AND STANDARDS........................................................................................... 105
3.5.5 TASK: RE-PLANNING ............................................................................................................................................................................. 108
3.5.6 TASK: CONSIDER KEY STAKEHOLDER NEEDS AND LOCATION ..................................................................................................... 109
3.5.7 TASK: CONSIDER THE PROJECT TYPE ................................................................................................................................................ 110
3.6 SELECT REQUIREMENTS ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................111
3.6.1 TASK: DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION STAKEHOLDERS AND ACTIVITIES .................................................................. 112
3.6.2 TASK: DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND D OCUMENTATION ACTIVITIES .................................................................. 115
3.6.3 TASK: DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................. 116
3.6.4 TASK: DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................... 118
3.7 ESTIMATE REQUIREMENTS ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................119
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3.7.1 TASK: IDENTIFY MILESTONES IN THE REQUIREMENTS ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY ............................................. 119
3.7.2 TASK: DEFINE UNITS OF W ORK.......................................................................................................................................................... 120
3.7.3 TASK: ESTIMATE EFFORT PER UNIT OF W ORK.................................................................................................................................. 121
3.7.4 TASK: ESTIMATE DURATION PER UNIT OF WORK.............................................................................................................................. 122
3.7.5 TECHNIQUE: USE DOCUMENTATION FROM PAST REQUIREMENTS ACTIVITIES TO ESTIMATE DURATION ................................ 123
3.7.6 TASK: IDENTIFY ASSUMPTIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 125
3.7.7 TASK: IDENTIFY RISKS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 126
3.7.8 TASK: MODIFY THE REQUIREMENTS PLAN ....................................................................................................................................... 127
3.8 MANAGE REQUIREMENTS SCOPE .....................................................................................................129
3.8.1 TASK: ESTABLISH REQUIREMENTS BASELINE .................................................................................................................................... 129
3.8.2 TASK: STRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS FOR TRACEABILITY .................................................................................................................. 130
3.8.3 TASK: IDENTIFY IMPACTS TO E XTERNAL SYSTEMS AND/OR OTHER AREAS OF THE PROJECT ................................................. 135
3.8.4 TASK: IDENTIFY SCOPE CHANGE RESULTING FROM REQUIREMENT CHANGE (CHANGE MANAGEMENT) ............................. 136
3.8.5 TASK: MAINTAIN SCOPE APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................. 138
3.9 MEASURE AND REPORT ON REQUIREMENTS ACTIVITY ...................................................................138
3.9.1 TASK: DETERMINE THE PROJECT METRICS ..................................................................................................................................... 141
3.9.2 TASK: DETERMINE THE PRODUCT METRICS .................................................................................................................................... 142
3.9.3 TASK: COLLECT PROJECT METRICS ................................................................................................................................................. 144
3.9.4 TASK: COLLECT PRODUCT METRICS ............................................................................................................................................... 145
3.9.5 TASK: REPORTING PRODUCT METRICS ............................................................................................................................................ 146
3.9.6 TASK: REPORTING PROJECT METRICS .............................................................................................................................................. 147
3.10 MANAGE REQUIREMENTS CHANGE ..................................................................................................150
3.10.1 PLAN REQUIREMENTS CHANGE .................................................................................................................................................... 150
3.10.2 UNDERSTAND THE CHANGES TO REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 150
3.10.3 3.11.3 DOCUMENT THE CHANGES TO REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 150
3.10.4 ANALYZE CHANGE REQUESTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 151
3.11 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................152
CHAPTER 4: REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION.....................................................................................................153
4.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................153
4.1.1 RELATIONSHIPS TO OTHER KNOWLEDGE AREAS ............................................................................................................................ 153
4.2 TASK: ELICIT REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................155
4.2.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 155
4.2.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 155
4.2.3 KNOWLEDGE .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 155
4.2.4 SKILLS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 155
4.2.5 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 155
4.2.6 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 156
4.2.7 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 157
4.2.8 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 157
4.3 TECHNIQUE: BRAINSTORMING .........................................................................................................157
4.3.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 157
4.3.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 157
4.3.3 INTENDED AUDIENCE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 158
4.3.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 158
4.3.5 USAGE CONSIDERATIONS.................................................................................................................................................................... 159

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4.4 TECHNIQUE: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................159
4.4.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 159
4.4.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 159
4.4.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 160
4.5 TECHNIQUE: FOCUS GROUP ..............................................................................................................160
4.5.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 160
4.5.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 161
4.5.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 161
4.6 TECHNIQUE: INTERFACE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................163
4.6.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 163
4.6.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 163
4.6.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 164
4.7 TECHNIQUE: INTERVIEW....................................................................................................................165
4.7.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 165
4.7.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 165
4.7.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 166
4.8 TECHNIQUE: OBSERVATION ..............................................................................................................169
4.8.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 169
4.8.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 169
4.8.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 170
4.9 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPING ..............................................................................................................171
4.9.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 171
4.9.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 171
4.9.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 172
4.10 TECHNIQUE: REQUIREMENTS WORKSHOP .......................................................................................173
4.10.1 PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................................................................... 173
4.10.2 DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 173
4.10.3 INTENDED AUDIENCE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 174
4.10.4 PROCESS........................................................................................................................................................................................... 174
4.10.5 USAGE CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................. 175
4.11 TECHNIQUE: REVERSE ENGINEERING ...............................................................................................176
4.11.1 PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................................................................... 176
4.11.2 DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 176
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4.11.4 PROCESS........................................................................................................................................................................................... 177
4.12 TECHNIQUE: SURVEY/QUESTIONNAIRE............................................................................................178
4.12.1 PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................................................................... 178
4.12.2 DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 178
4.12.4 PROCESS........................................................................................................................................................................................... 179
4.13 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................................182
4.14 CONTRIBUTORS..................................................................................................................................182
4.14.1 AUTHORS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 182
CHAPTER 5: REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION.................................................................183
5.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................183
5.1.1 KNOWLEDGE AREA DEFINITION AND SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 183
5.1.2 INPUTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 183
5.1.3 TASKS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 184
5.1.4 OUTPUTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 184
5.1.5 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES ............................................................................ 185
5.1.6 SIGNIFICANT CHANGES FROM VERSION 1.4.................................................................................................................................... 186
5.2 TASK: STRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS PACKAGES...............................................................................187
5.2.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 187
5.2.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 187
5.2.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 187
5.2.4 PROCESS AND ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 188
5.2.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 191
5.2.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 191
5.3 TASK: CREATE BUSINESS DOMAIN MODEL ......................................................................................191
5.3.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 191
5.3.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 192
5.3.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 192
5.3.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 193
5.3.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 193
5.4 TASK: ANALYZE USER REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................193
5.5 TASK: ANALYZE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................................193
5.5.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 193
5.5.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 193
5.5.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 193
5.5.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 197
5.5.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 198
5.6 TASK: ANALYZE QUALITY OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................198
5.6.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 198
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5.6.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 198
5.6.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 198
5.6.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 201
5.6.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 201
5.7 TASK: DETERMINE ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS ..................................................................201
5.7.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 201
5.7.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 201
5.7.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 202
5.7.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 202
5.7.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 203
5.8 TASK: DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS ATTRIBUTES ............................................................................203
5.8.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 203
5.8.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 203
5.8.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 203
5.8.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
5.8.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
5.9 TASK: DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................205
5.9.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 205
5.9.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
5.9.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
5.9.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 207
5.9.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 207
5.10 TASK: VALIDATE REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................................207
5.10.1 PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................................................................... 207
5.10.2 DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 207
5.11 TASK: VERIFY REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................................................................207
5.11.1 PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................................................................... 207
5.11.2 DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 207
5.11.3 PREDECESSORS................................................................................................................................................................................ 208
5.11.4 PROCESS AND ELEMENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 208
5.11.5 STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 211
5.11.6 DELIVERABLES ................................................................................................................................................................................. 211
5.12 TECHNIQUE: DATA AND BEHAVIOR MODELS...................................................................................211
5.12.1 BUSINESS RULES.............................................................................................................................................................................. 211
5.12.2 CLASS MODEL ................................................................................................................................................................................ 214
5.12.3 CRUD MATRIX ............................................................................................................................................................................... 215
5.12.4 DATA DICTIONARY ........................................................................................................................................................................ 217
5.12.5 DATA TRANSFORMATION AND MAPPING .................................................................................................................................. 220
5.12.6 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS............................................................................................................................................... 223
5.12.7 METADATA DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................................ 227
5.13 TECHNIQUE: PROCESS/FLOW MODELS.............................................................................................228

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5.13.1 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................................................................................ 228
5.13.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................................................................. 231
5.13.3 EVENT IDENTIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................................. 234
5.13.4 FLOWCHART .................................................................................................................................................................................... 235
5.13.5 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM..................................................................................................................................................................... 239
5.13.6 STATE MACHINE DIAGRAM .......................................................................................................................................................... 241
5.13.7 WORKFLOW MODELS.................................................................................................................................................................... 242
5.14 TECHNIQUE: USAGE MODELS............................................................................................................244
5.14.1 PROTOTYPING.................................................................................................................................................................................. 244
5.14.2 STORYBOARDS/SCREEN FLOWS .................................................................................................................................................. 247
5.14.3 USE CASE DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 250
5.14.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 253
5.14.5 USER INTERFACE DESIGNS ............................................................................................................................................................ 257
5.14.6 USER PROFILES................................................................................................................................................................................ 259
5.14.7 USER STORIES .................................................................................................................................................................................. 261
5.15 ISSUE AND TASK LIST.........................................................................................................................264
5.16 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................265
CHAPTER 6: REQUIREMENTS COMMUNICATION
6.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................269
6.1.1 KNOWLEDGE AREA DEFINITION .......................................................................................................................................................... 269
6.1.2 RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................... 269
6.1.3 KNOWLEDGE AREA TASKS.................................................................................................................................................................... 269
6.1.4 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER KNOWLEDGE AREAS ................................................................................................................................ 270
6.2 TASK: CREATE A REQUIREMENTS COMMUNICATION PLAN ............................................................271
6.2.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 271
6.2.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 271
6.2.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 271
6.2.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 273
6.2.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 273
6.3 TASK: MANAGE REQUIREMENTS CONFLICTS ...................................................................................273
6.3.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 273
6.3.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 273
6.3.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 274
6.3.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 274
6.3.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 274
6.4 TASK: DETERMINE APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS FORMAT ..........................................................274
6.4.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 274
6.4.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 274
6.4.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 275
6.4.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 280
6.4.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 281
6.5 TASK: CREATE A REQUIREMENTS PACKAGE.....................................................................................281

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6.5.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 281
6.5.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 281
6.5.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 281
6.5.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 285
6.5.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 286
6.6 TASK: CONDUCT A REQUIREMENTS PRESENTATION.......................................................................286
6.6.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 286
6.6.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 286
6.6.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 287
6.6.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 288
6.6.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 288
6.7 TASK: CONDUCT A FORMAL REQUIREMENTS REVIEW.....................................................................289
6.7.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 289
6.7.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 290
6.7.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 290
6.7.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 294
6.7.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 295
6.8 TASK: OBTAIN REQUIREMENTS SIGNOFF .........................................................................................295
6.8.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 295
6.8.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 295
6.8.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 295
6.8.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 296
6.8.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 296
6.9 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................296
CHAPTER 7: SOLUTION ASSESSMENT AND VALIDATION..............................................................................297
7.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................297
7.1.1 KNOWLEDGE AREA DEFINITION ......................................................................................................................................................... 297
7.1.2 RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................... 297
7.1.3 KNOWLEDGE AREA TASKS................................................................................................................................................................... 298
7.1.4 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER KNOWLEDGE AREAS ............................................................................................................................... 298
7.2 DEVELOP ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS ...................................................................................................299
7.2.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 299
7.2.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
7.2.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
7.2.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
7.2.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
7.3 EVALUATE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS..................................................................................................307
7.3.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 307
7.3.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
7.3.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 307

©2006, International Institute of Business Analysis ix

Table of Contents

7.3.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 308
7.3.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 308
7.4 FACILITATE THE SELECTION OF A SOLUTION...................................................................................308
7.4.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 308
7.4.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 309
7.4.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 309
7.4.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 309
7.4.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 309
7.5 ENSURE THE USABILITY OF THE SOLUTION .....................................................................................309
7.5.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 309
7.5.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 310
7.5.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 310
7.5.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
7.5.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
7.6 SUPPORT THE QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCESS ...............................................................................311
7.6.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 311
7.6.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
7.6.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
7.6.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
7.6.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
7.7 SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLUTION .....................................................................311
7.7.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 311
7.7.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 312
7.7.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 312
7.7.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 312
7.7.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 312
7.8 COMMUNICATE THE SOLUTION IMPACTS........................................................................................312
7.8.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 312
7.8.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 313
7.8.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 313
7.8.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 313
7.8.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 313
7.9 POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT......................................................................313
7.9.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 313
7.9.2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
7.9.3 PREDECESSORS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
7.9.5 STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
7.9.6 DELIVERABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
7.10 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................314
©2006, International Institute of Business Analysis x

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 8: BA FUNDAMENTALS
8.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................315
8.2 COMMUNICATION SKILLS .................................................................................................................315
8.3 LEADERSHIP SKILLS ...........................................................................................................................315
8.4 PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS................................................................................................................315
8.5 BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE.....................................................................................................................315
8.6 IT KNOWLEDGE ..................................................................................................................................315
8.7 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................315
CHAPTER 9: GLOSSARY
9.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................316
9.2 TERMS.................................................................................................................................................316

©2006, International Institute of Business Analysis xi

Preface

Preface to Release 1.6
P.1 Purpose of this release
The purpose of this release is to add refined detailed content to the material that was
published in BOK 1.4, as well as add content in most of the areas not addressed in 1.4.
This release moves us significantly closer to a complete guide to the Business Analysis
Body of Knowledge. As such, this release is being made available to IIBA members only.
We will continue to provide the table of contents and pieces of content to the general
public to help potential members understand what is covered in the BOK.

This document represents a snapshot of the Knowledge Area documentation as of June
2006. Over the past months since the October 2005 previous release we have gathered
feedback and input from many business analysis practitioners through a structured
feedback process. Each reviewer in that process was pre-screened to ensure they
represented practitioners with at least 3-5 years experience. Their feedback was used by
the Knowledge Area sub-committees to refine our content. We extend a huge thank-you
to each reviewer for taking the time to help in the ongoing creation of the Business
Analysis Body of Knowledge.

We also heard from many IIBA members and potential members who informally
reviewed the previous version. Rest assured your comments and ideas sparked many
discussions among the core team or sub-committees. Your support and enthusiasm have
been critical is helping us maintain focus and momentum. Thank you!

P.2 What is and is not in this release
This release includes:

• An updated introductory chapter including an updated definition of the business
analyst role, and a definition of requirements types. The introduction chapter
will continue to be revised as the BOK is further refined.

• Both refined and added content for:

o Enterprise Analysis

o Requirements Planning and Management

o Requirements Elicitation

o Requirements Analysis and Documentation

o Solution Assessments and Validation

o Requirements Communication

• An updated structure for the Underlying Fundamentals area.
©2006 International Institute of Business Analysis 1
http://www.theiiba.org

Preface

This release does not include:

• The detailed content describing the Underlying Fundamentals area

• An updated Glossary

P.3 Continuing the review and refinement process
To address missing content a new sub-committee for Underlying Fundamentals has been
created and is already hard at work on content. We will also have someone focus on the
Glossary to ensure all key terms are added.

So, while there is still some content to be added for the next release, the primary focus will
be on refinement of the existing material.

The ongoing review and refinement process has a number of components:

BOK Core Team Review for consistency and coherence across the Body of Knowledge

The BOK core team is currently reviewing the inputs and outputs of each knowledge area
in order to:

• fix inconsistencies between chapters

• fix any redundancy between chapters

Many members of the core team have been heavily involved in writing detailed content
for specific knowledge areas. We now have the opportunity to also participate in a
detailed review of the material we did not write. This will further enable us to find and fix
inconsistencies. Our detailed review will focus on:

• keeping the BOK as a descriptor of the knowledge needed by a business analyst vs.
an analysis process or analysis methodology, or a how-to guide

• verifying that the BOK remains methodology-neutral and broadly applicable

• detailed integration between the Knowledge Areas

• ensuring a consistent level of detail across the Knowledge Areas

Industry Expert Advisory Group for industry validation

We have created a panel of industry experts who can provide feedback and input based
on their specialty and experience. This group will be assisting us through the end of 2006
by reviewing the overall scope of the BOK in preparation of the rollout of the certification
program at the end of this year.

©2006 International Institute of Business Analysis 2
http://www.theiiba.org

Business Analysis BOK

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