1. The History of The Internet and
the World Wide Web
Dominic Carreon
Jaime Calabig
CJ Herrera
Luke Fernandez
Javi Bauza
Downloaded from Authorstream.com 5 Sep 2012 and adapted.

2. 1969
 ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
goes online in December, connecting four
major U.S. universities. Designed for
research, education, and government
organizations, it provides a communications
network linking the country in the event that
a military attack destroys conventional
communications systems.
Nuclear attack: now more likely to be an urban myth. See here:
look at section “Misconception of design goals

3. 1972
 Electronic mail is introduced by Ray
Tomlinson, a Cambridge, Mass., computer
scientist. He uses the @ to distinguish
between the sender's name and network
name in the email address
Query (14/9/12): is this accurate? First email systems were on
time-share systems in early 60s. Listen here, 50 secs in.
What did Tomlinson contribute that was new?.

4. 1973
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) is designed (by whom?).
 1983 it becomes the standard for
communicating between computers over
the Internet. One of these protocols, FTP
(File Transfer Protocol), allows users to log
onto a remote computer, list the files on
that computer, and download files from
that computer.

5. 1976
 Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and
running mate Walter Mondale use email to
plan campaign events.
 Queen Elizabeth sends her first email. She's
the first state leader to do so.

7. 1982 1985
 The word “Internet”  Quantum Computer
is used for the first Services, which later
time. changes its name to
America Online, debuts.
1984 It offers email, electronic
bulletin
 Domain Name boards, news, and other
System (DNS) is information.
established, with
network addresses
identified by 1988
extensions such as  A virus called the
.com, .org, and .edu. Internet Worm
 Writer William temporarily shuts down
Gibson coins the about 10% of the world's
term “cyberspace.” Internet servers.
Gibson probably did Aka the Morris Worm
not coin the word

8. 1989
 Tim Berners-Lee of CERN proposes a new approach
to distributing information on the Internet. He calls it
“Enquire”.
 Becomes “WorldWideWeb” or “W3”. W3 has three
new ideas: a hypertext publishing language; the
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP); and the system
of URLs which extends the domain name system.
Enquire Within Upon Everything

9. 1990
 The first effort to index the Internet is
created by Peter Deutsch at McGill
University in Montreal, who devises
Archie, an archive of FTP sites.

10. 1991
 Gopher, which provides point-and-click
navigation, is created at the University of
Minnesota and named after the school
mascot. Gopher becomes the most popular
interface for several years.
 Another indexing system, WAIS (Wide Area
Information Server), is developed by
Brewster Kahle of Thinking Machines Corp.

11. 1993
 Mosaic developed by Marc Andreessen at
the National Center for Supercomputing
Applications (NCSA). Mosaic is the first
GUI browser and quickly becomes
dominant for navigating the Web. (At this
time only 1% of all Internet traffic is Web
traffic).

12. 1995
 CompuServe, America Online, and Prodigy
start providing dial-up Internet access.
 Sun Microsystems releases the Internet
programming language called Java.
 The Vatican launches its own
website, www.vatican.va.

13. 1996
 Approximately 45 million people are using
the Internet, with roughly 30 million of
those in North America (United States and
Canada), 9 million in Europe, and 6 million
in Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, etc.). 43.2
million (44%) U.S. households own a
personal computer, and 14 million of
them are online.

14. 1997
 The term “weblog” is coined. It’s later
shortened to “blog.”

15. 1998
 Google opens its first office, in California.

16. 1999
 College student Shawn Fanning invents
Napster, an application that allows users to
swap music over the Internet. Becomes
landmark legal case.
 Internet users worldwide number 150 million
by the beginning of 1999. More than 50% are
from US.
 “E-commerce” becomes the new buzzword
as Internet shopping rapidly spreads.
 MySpace.com is launched.

17. 2000
 Viruses begin to ciruclate with greater
frequency. “Love Bug” and “Stages” are two
examples of self-replicating viruses that send
themselves to people listed in a computer user's
email address book. The heavy volume of email
messages being sent and received forces many
infected companies to temporarily shut down
their clogged networks.

18. 2000
 The Internet bubble bursts, as the fountain of
investment capital dries up and the Nasdaq
stock index plunges, causing the initial public
offering (IPO) window to slam shut and many
dotcoms to close their doors.
 America Online buys Time Warner for $16
billion. It’s the biggest merger of all time.

19. 2001
 Napster is ordered to stop distributing
copyrighted music. Develops a subscription-
based service.
 About 9.8 billion electronic messages are
sent daily.
 Wikipedia is created.

20. 2002
 58.5% of the U.S. population (164.14 million
people) uses the Internet.
 Worldwide there are 544.2 million users.

21. 2003
 It's estimated that Internet users illegally
download about 2.6 billion music files each
month.
 Spam, unsolicited email, becomes a server-
clogging menace. At this time it accounts for
about half of all emails.
 Apple iTunes Music Store, which allows people
to download songs for 99 cents each.

22. 2004
 Internet Worm, called MyDoom or Novarg,
spreads through Internet servers. About 1 in
12 email messages are infected.
 Online spending reaches a record high—$117
billion in 2004, a 26% increase over 2003.

23. 2008
 San Francisco: federal district court judge orders
content removed from Wikileaks.org. The case
was brought by Julius Baer Bank and Trust,
located in the Cayman Islands. A disgruntled ex-
employee had provided Wikileaks with stolen
documents that implicated the bank in asset
hiding, money laundering, and tax evasion.

24. 2008
 Microsoft is fined $1.5 billion by the European
Commission for abusing its dominant market
position, and failing to comply with a 2004
judgment, which ordered Microsoft to give
competitors information necessary to operate
with Windows. Total fines since 2004 now add
up to $2.5billion.

26. SHORT QUIZ

27. Question 1
Who introduced electronic mail?
a. Steve Jobs
b. Ray Tomlinson
c. Bill Gates
d. Shawn Fanning
Answer:
(b) Ray Tomlinson

28. Question 2
Who is the first state leader to send email?
a. Jimmy Carter
b. Richard Nixon
c. Queen Elizabeth
d. Walter Mondale
Answer:
(c) Queen Elizabeth

29. Question 3
What is the virus that shut down 10% of the
world’s internet servers in 1988?
a. Love Bug
b. Stages
c. Napster
d. Internet Worm
Answer:
(d) Internet Worm

30. Question 4
Who developed Mosaic?
a. Marc Andreessen
b. Steve Wozniak
c. Brewster Kahle
d. Peter Deutsch
Answer:
(a) Marc Andreessen

31. Question 5
What year did Sun Microsystems launch
Java?
a. 1995
b. 1996
c. 1997
d. 1998
Answer:
(a) 1995

32. Question 6
The word “blog” is short for…
a. joblog
b. weblog
c. coblog
d. fablog
Answer:
(b) weblog

33. Question 7
What was the total amount of fines imposed on
Microsoft the European Commission?
a. $2.5 billion
b. $3 billion
c. $3.5 billion
d. $4 billion
Answer:
(a) $2.5 billion

34. Question 8
How much was Microsoft’s offer for Yahoo?
a. $50 billion
b. $44.5 billion
c. $44.6 billion
d. $44.4 billion
Answer:
(c) $44.6 billion

35. Question 9
What is the name of the video game that gained 9
million subscribers?
a. Starcraft
b. Counter-Strike
c. World of Warcraft
d. Halo
Answer:
(c) World of Warcraft