Conteudo de Ingles Tecnico

1. Relationship of petroleum geology to science
Petroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and
production of oil and gas. Geology itself is based on chemistry, physics, and biology, involving the application
of essentially abstract concepts to observed data. In the past these data were basically observational and
subjective, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore more objective. Geology, in
general, and petroleum geology, in particular, still rely on value judgments which are based on experience and
an assessment of validity among the data presented. It is appropriate to consider the roles of chemistry,
physics, and biology in petroleum exploration
Chemistry and petroleum geology
The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology.
Detailed knowledge of the mineralogical composition of rocks is important at many levels. In the early stages
of exploration, certain general conclusion as to the distribution and quality of potential reservoirs can be made
from their gross lithology. For example, the porosity of sandstones tends to be facies related, whereas I
carbonates rocks this is generally not so. Detailed knowledge of the mineralogy of reservoirs enables
estimates to be made of the rate at which they may lose porosity during burial, and this detailed mineralogical
information is essential for the accurate interpretation of geophysical well logs through reservoirs. Knowledge
can be used to predict where porosity may be destroyed by cementation, may be preserved in its original
form, or may be enhanced by the solution of minerals by formation waters. Organic chemistry is involved both
in the analysis of oil and fas and in the study of the diagenesis of plant and animal tissues in sediments and
the way in which the resultant organic compound, kerogen, generates petroleum.
Physics and petroleum geology
The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics) is very important in petroleum geology. In its
broadest application geophysics makes a major contribution to understanding the earth’s crust and, especially
through the application of modern plate tectonic theory, to the genesis of petroleum potential od sedimentary
basins. More specifically, physical concepts are require to understand folds, faults, and diapirs and hence their
roles in petroleum entrapment. Modern petroleum exploration is unthinkable without the aid of magnet, gravity,
and seismic survey in finding potential petroleum traps. Nor could any finds be evaluated effectively without
geophysical wireline well logs to measure the lithology, porosity, and petroleum content of a reservoir.
Biology and petroleum geology
Biology applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils (paleontology), and is
especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation. The way in
which oil exploration shifted the emphasis from the use of macrofossils for zonation, has already been noted.
Ecology, the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment, is also important in
petroleum geology. Carbonate sediments, in general, and reefs, in particular, cam only be studied profitably
with the aid of detailed knowledge of ecology of modern marine fauna and flora. Biology, and specially
biochemistry, is important in studying the transformation of plant and animal tissues into kerogen during burial
and the generation of oil or gas that may be caused by transformation.

2. Compreensão do texto
a. Compreensão geral – observe o layout do texto (título, subtítulo e figura), faça uma leitura rápida, sem
se preocupar com as palavras desconhecidas, e responda:
1. Em quantos parágrafos está organizado? Quais os assuntos abordados?
2. O que mostra a figura que acompanha o texto? De que modo está relacionado a ele?
3. Qual a ideia geral?
b. Compreensão dos pontos principais:
1. Que tipo de conhecimento químico pe necessário para o estudo das rochas?
2. Qual a contribuição da geofísica para o entendimento da crosta terrestre?
3. De que modo a biologia se aplica a geologia?
c. Compreensão detalhada - relacione as atividades à respectiva disciplina:
1. Química – 2. Física – 3. Biologia
( ) Interpretar precisamente os perfis geofísicos dos poços depende de informações sobre
mineralogia dos reservatórios.
( ) Empregar a sísmica, a gravimetria e magnetometria para encontrar armadinhas de petróleo.
( ) Entender a diagênese de tecidos de plantas e animais nos sedimentos e como o composto
orgânico resultante desse processo gera o petróleo.
( ) Estudar a transformação dos tecidos de plantas e animais em querogênio durante o
soterramento e a geração de óleo ou gás que pode ser provocada pro essa transformação.
( ) Estabelecer conclusões gerais com relação à distribuição e qualidade dos reservatórios em
potencial com base em suas litologia geral.
( ) Entender sobre falhas, dobras e diápiros (domos) e seu pape nas armadilhas de petróleo.
( ) Empregar conhecimentos de ecologia sobre fauna e flora marinhas modernas para estudar
sedimentos corbonáticos, em geral, e recifes, especificadamente.
( ) Prever onde a porosidade poderá ser destruída pela cimentação, preservada em sua forma
original, ou melhorada por meio da solução de minerais pela agua da formação.
( ) Avaliar as descobertas empregando técnicas de perfilagem a cabo.
( ) Estabelecer zonas bioestratigraficas para fazer correlação regional
( ) Empregar a teoria de placas tectônicas para entender a crosta terrestre, a gênese e o
potencial petrolífero das bacias sedimentares.
( ) Fazer estimativas com relação à taxa de perda de porosidade durante o soterramento.
d. Reescreva os cognatos
e. Escrever em português as “noun phrases”
1. The application of essentially abstract concepts (l. 3) (A aplicação de conceitos essencialmente
abstratos)
2. Certain general conclusions (l. 13)
3. The distribution and quality of potential reservoirs (l. 13-14)
4. The chemistry of pore fluids (l. 20)
5. The application of modern plate tectonic theory (l. 30)