The document discusses the subjunctive mood in English, focusing on its use in expressing desires, conditions, and situations that are not based in reality. It outlines the structures for present, past, and future subjunctives, with examples for each type, including phrases like 'wish', 'would rather', 'as if', and 'if only'. Additionally, it provides exercises for transforming statements into subjunctive form.

1. Subjunctive
with wish, would rather, as if/as
though, if only.

2. We use subjunctives mainly when talking
about events that are not certain to happen.
For example, we use the subjunctive when
talking about events that somebody:
wants to happen
– anticipates will happen
– imagines happening
Kinds of Subjunctive:
Present Subjunctive
Past Subjuctive
Future Subjunctive

4. Structures of the subjunctive
Subject Be (past) Be (present)
All other verbs
(past &
present)
I Were Be Work
You Were Be Work
They Were Be Work
We Were Be Work
He,She,It Were Be Work

5. There are two types of words for
subjunctive:
• Wish, if only, would rather use
for desire/ want
• As if / as though use for the
condition or state not the real
condition / not reality

6. Present Subjunctive
Use:
to express expectation,
supposition and a
statement about something
that does not fit with
reality in the present

7. The structures
1. Wish
Example:
S + wish (that) + S +
V2
I wish (that) he called me now
Reality:
He doesn’t call me now

8. 2. Would rather
S + would rather + S +
V2
Example:
I would rather you paid by cash
Reality:
You don’t pay by cash)

9. 3. As if / as though
S + V1 + as if / as though + S +
V2
Example:
She acts as if she were the most beautiful girl
in the world
Reality:
She isn’t the most beautiful girl in the world

10. 4. If only
Example:
If only + S + V2
If only she were at home today
Reality:
She isn’t at home today

11. Past Subjunctive
Use:
to express expectation,
supposition and a statement
about something that does not fit
with reality in the past

12. The structures
1. Wished
S + wished (that) + S + had +
V3
Example:
I wished he hadn’t gone yesterday
Reality:
He went yesterday

13. 2. Would rather
S + would rather + S + had +
V3
Example:
I would rather you had visited me last night
Reality:
You didn’t visit me last night

14. 3. As if / as though
S + S. past + as if / as though + S + had +
V3
Example:
She told as though she had known the problem
Reality:
She didn’t know the problem

15. 4. If only
Example:
If only + S + had +
V3
If only you had invited me to the party last
night
Reality:
You didn’t invite me to the party last night

16. Future Subjunctive
Use:
To express expectancy
about event / situation that
may occur / could not have
happened in the future

17. The Structures
1. Wish
Example:
S+ wish + (that) + S + would +
Vbi
X: “Will you visit me tonight?”
Y: “ No, I won’t” (reality)
X: “ I wish you would visit me
tonight” (subjunctive)

18. Exercise:
Change the fact below into subjunctive by using
“ I wish / If only”
1. The manager broke the regulation by himself
2. Mr. Brown sends the postcards to his best
friend
3. John didn’t beg for the permission to her
4. Those children can’t drink such kind of
medicine.
5. Your uncle will make the appointment once
again

19. Change the facts below into
subjunctive
1. It is not a fine day today. We wish…..
2. She was ill last night. Her mother wished
……
3. He doesn’t know how to drive. He would
rather……..
4. She doesn’t have a chance to ask a
question. He wishes………
5. He didn’t have time to check his work
again yesterday. He wished……..

20. Change the subjunctive below into the facts:
1. The little girl wishes she could find the way
home (fact…..)
2. The owner of that house wished he had been
invited to the dinner party last week (fact….)
3. Ani wished had been invited to the dinner
party last week (fact…..)
4. The students wished they could have solved
the problems ( fact…..)
5. Tom and Joe wished they had enough time to
play together ( fact….)