Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
152 1-31-2011
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2. gs, es, impossible states – look at QN’s For electrons in C Ground state 1s2 2s2 2p2 __ __ ___ ___ ___ Excited state 1s2 2s1 2p3 __ __ ___ ___ ___ Impossible 1s32s3 ___ ___ or 1s21p4 ___ ___ ___ ___ We can violate Hund’s rule and aufbau – but NOT Pauli Blue violates the QN rules 1 p would have l = to n and l must be 1 less than n
3. Order of filling puts the 4s electrons in first --- but energy wise 4 level is higher than 3 level
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5. Periodic trends Size – atomic radius ENC (effective nuclear charge) Charge felt by outer electrons Across table Increases Down table decreases
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7. Size Ionic radius Cations are smaller than atoms Larger charge, smaller ion (within period) Anions are larger than ions Larger charge, slightly larger (within period)
13. IE (ionization energy) Energy required to remove highest energy (most outer) electron from atom (1st IE) Increases across table (ENF) Decreases table (size, decreased electrostatic attraction)
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17. Electron affinity The Electron affinity of a molecule or atom is the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a negative ion. This property can only be measured in an atom in gaseous state. X + e− -> X− The Electron affinity of a molecule or atom is the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a negative ion. This property can only be measured in an atom in gaseous state. X + e− -> X− The Electron affinity of a molecule or atom is the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a negative ion. This property can only be measured in an atom in gaseous state. X + e− -> X−
18. kJ/mol * ~ 0 X + e- X- EEA = Einitial - Efinal (backwards!!!) or energy release when electron added Or amount of energy to remove e- from singly charged ion Non-metals release significant energy when e- added to neutral atom, or significant energy is Required to removed electron from negative non-metal ions
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20. More user friendly than electron affinity# 53-60 http://gohs.tvusd.k12.ca.us/TeacherWebs/Science/itaylor/Global/WS/Electronegativity%20chart.pdf
