ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
Social Change Late Modernity 02
1. • Is Google’s censoring of search results in China
justifiable?
• Is it morally permissible to harm a smaller number of
innocent people to prevent greater harm of to a larger
number of people?
• Do the rights and well-being of existing persons have
priority over the rights and well-being of future persons?
• Is stem-cell research evil?
• Do the bankers deserve their bonuses?
2. Moral Desert
Greed is a vice. We shouldn’t
reward it.
People deserve the rewards
that success bestows. The
bankers failed and so the
rewards are morally
repugnant.
4. Did the benefits outweigh the costs?
What about the consequences
for society as a whole?
Isn’t killing an innocent
person, just simply wrong?
5. Utilitarianism
“Nature has placed mankind under the
governance of two sovereign masters, pain and
pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what
we ought to do, as well as to determine what
we shall do. On the one hand the standard of
right and wrong, on the other the chain of
causes and effects, are fastened to their throne.
They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all
we think...”
6. Utilitarianism
what about individual rights?
are all values are the same?
7.
8. Banning Smoking in Public Places
Cost benefit analysis of the proposed legislation for England
Godkin, Potter & Sleppy May 2006
The cost to the health service of additional years of
life is not considered
• Increasing life expectancy will place an additional burden both on
the health service and also on the pensions system
• The report states that there has been no additional value assigned
to the costs of increasing health care and pensions
• We have considered the additional costs of healthcare after 10
years of the ban being in place
8
9. Banning Smoking in Public Places
Cost benefit analysis of the proposed legislation for England
Godkin, Potter & Sleppy May 2006
Research from other studies informed the calculations
for our study
• Department of Transport
– Value of a human life lost at 43 yrs - £1m
– Value of an injury at 43 yrs - £40,000
– Value of an additional year of life £28,571
• Scaling the research to reflect the population of England
• Estimates of costs to the NHS for smokers
• British medical journal - death rates from SHS in public
places
9
10.
11.
12. Libertarianism
No redistribution of income
No paternalism
No legislation on morals
13. Libertarianism
everyone pays – if you want to
pay less, earn less
the poor need help
we all owe a debt to those who make
our wealth possible
we live in a democracy where ‘we’
have decided the tax laws
the wealthy are lucky, tax is payback
Bentham“Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think...”Individual RightsIs torture ever justified? The ticking timebomb scenario.All values are not the sameCost-benefit analysisIn governmental planning and budgeting, the attempt to measure the social benefits of a proposed project in monetary terms and compare them with its costs. The procedure was first proposed in 1844 by Arsène-Jules-Étienne-JuvénalDupuit (1804 – 66). It was not seriously applied until the 1936 U.S. Flood Control Act, which required that the benefits of flood-control projects exceed their costs. A cost-benefit ratio is determined by dividing the projected benefits of a program by the projected costs. A wide range of variables, including nonquantitative ones such as quality of life, are often considered because the value of the benefits may be indirect or projected far into the future.
Bentham“Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think...”Individual RightsIs torture ever justified? The ticking timebomb scenario.All values are not the sameCost-benefit analysisIn governmental planning and budgeting, the attempt to measure the social benefits of a proposed project in monetary terms and compare them with its costs. The procedure was first proposed in 1844 by Arsène-Jules-Étienne-JuvénalDupuit (1804 – 66). It was not seriously applied until the 1936 U.S. Flood Control Act, which required that the benefits of flood-control projects exceed their costs. A cost-benefit ratio is determined by dividing the projected benefits of a program by the projected costs. A wide range of variables, including nonquantitative ones such as quality of life, are often considered because the value of the benefits may be indirect or projected far into the future.
Bentham“Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think...”Individual RightsIs torture ever justified? The ticking timebomb scenario.All values are not the sameCost-benefit analysisIn governmental planning and budgeting, the attempt to measure the social benefits of a proposed project in monetary terms and compare them with its costs. The procedure was first proposed in 1844 by Arsène-Jules-Étienne-JuvénalDupuit (1804 – 66). It was not seriously applied until the 1936 U.S. Flood Control Act, which required that the benefits of flood-control projects exceed their costs. A cost-benefit ratio is determined by dividing the projected benefits of a program by the projected costs. A wide range of variables, including nonquantitative ones such as quality of life, are often considered because the value of the benefits may be indirect or projected far into the future.
Bentham“Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think...”Individual RightsIs torture ever justified? The ticking timebomb scenario.All values are not the sameCost-benefit analysisIn governmental planning and budgeting, the attempt to measure the social benefits of a proposed project in monetary terms and compare them with its costs. The procedure was first proposed in 1844 by Arsène-Jules-Étienne-JuvénalDupuit (1804 – 66). It was not seriously applied until the 1936 U.S. Flood Control Act, which required that the benefits of flood-control projects exceed their costs. A cost-benefit ratio is determined by dividing the projected benefits of a program by the projected costs. A wide range of variables, including nonquantitative ones such as quality of life, are often considered because the value of the benefits may be indirect or projected far into the future.
Bentham“Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think...”Individual RightsIs torture ever justified? The ticking timebomb scenario.All values are not the sameCost-benefit analysisIn governmental planning and budgeting, the attempt to measure the social benefits of a proposed project in monetary terms and compare them with its costs. The procedure was first proposed in 1844 by Arsène-Jules-Étienne-JuvénalDupuit (1804 – 66). It was not seriously applied until the 1936 U.S. Flood Control Act, which required that the benefits of flood-control projects exceed their costs. A cost-benefit ratio is determined by dividing the projected benefits of a program by the projected costs. A wide range of variables, including nonquantitative ones such as quality of life, are often considered because the value of the benefits may be indirect or projected far into the future.
