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Technical Procedures
- 2. NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION • Indications • Fluid/Medications • Choke relief • Dx/Tx colic • Equipment • NG tube • Bucket/Water • Pump • Procedure • Pass tube through nostril with head and neck held at an angle • Allow horse to swallow tube into epiglottis • Verify placement in stomach • Complications • Epistaxis • Aspiration pneumonia
- 3. ABDOMINOCENTESIS • Indications • Colic • Weight loss • Diarrhea • Equipment • 18-20g 1 ½” needle/teat cannula • #15 scalpel blade/lidocaine local block • Procedure • =/- U/S, aseptic prep of site, lidocaine block • Site-5 cm caudal to xiphoid, R of midline • Needle pushed through gauze to obtain clean sample • Complications • Enterocentesis • Splenic aspiration • Cellulitis • Abscess
- 4. BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL) • Indications • Dx of diffuse, noninfectious pulmonary disease • Recurrent airway obstruction • Inflammatory airway disease • Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage • Equipment • BAL catheter or gastroscope • Procedure • Standing sedation for catheter/scope passage • Sample is spun, cells collected & mounted on slide • Complications • Excessive coughing • Non-diagnostic sampling • Bronchial hemorrhage • Sample from wrong site-catheter kink
- 5. TRANSTRACHEAL WASH • Indications • Infectious pneumonia • Mixed sample-lower respiratory tract • Equipment • Aseptic technique supplies • Transtracheal wash stylet • Light wrap materials • Procedure • Standing sedation, prep cranial & middle 1/3 of neck • TTW stylet inserted between tracheal rings & advanced distally • 20-50 ml Sterile Saline injected, then aspirated as stylet is removed • Complications • SQ emphysema &/or cellulitis • Wrong sample area • Minor bleeding/localized infection • Catheter breakage
- 6. URINARY CATHETERIZATION • Indications • Collect sterile samples • Check bladder integrity • Post operative care • Equipment • Aseptic supplies • Roll cotton/mild soap • Sterile lube • Foley/Urinary catheter • Females-tail wrap
- 7. MALES • Sheath Cleaning • Removes smegma • Removes beans from urethral fossa • Catheterization • Approx dist=60 cm • May use syringe to aspirate fluid
- 8. FEMALES • Tail Wrap • Neoprene • Shipping/Showing • No long term use • Roll Gauze • Medical procedures/foaling • Tail Wrap • Diarrhea/foaling/tail paralysis • Complications for all • Strangulating tissue death and loss of part or all of tail
- 10. FEMALES • Catheterization • Tail wrapped/tied/held • Perineum is cleaned • Approx dist=5-10cm • May aspirate fluid • Common Complications-both sexes • Irritation of tissues • Secondary bladder infection
- 11. ARTHROCENTESIS • Indications • Joint fluid sampling • Diagnostic/Therapeutic anesthesia • Localized medication administration • Equipment • Aseptic supplies +/- clippers • Sterile needles/syringes • Sterile anesthetics/medications • Light wrap materials • Procedure • Depends slightly on site • Complications • Joint inflammation/pain (flare) • Joint infection • Laminitis
- 12. REGIONAL ANALGESIA/ANESTHESIA • Indications • Lameness exams • Regional anesthesia for procedures • Equipment • Aseptic technique supplies • Sterile syringes/needles • Anesthetic solution • Procedure • Clean technique near ground • Aseptic technique higher limb/joints • Light wrap over injection site possible • Complications • Joint inflammation/pain • Skin inflammation/pain • Local infection