class 10th // chapter 6// life processes

1. CLASS 10TH
CHAPTER 6
LIFE PROCESSES
BITTU KUMAR
INTEGRATED B.SC. – B.ED.
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY ,
PHAGWARA,PUNJAB.

2. Identify living or non living

3. Criteria for
living
• Growth
• Movement
• Nutrition
• Response to stimulus
• Reproduction

4. What do we do to
sustain our life?
•Breath
•Food

5. What are life processes ?
• Nutrition
• Digestion
• Respiration
• Transportation
• Excretion
Basic vital processes, which are essential for an
organism to stay healthy and to maintain the
proper functioning of the body’s organ systems.
They are necessary for survival. These basic
essential activities performed by an organism are
called life processes.

6. RESPIRATION
Respiration includes the exchange of
gases as well as the burning of food.
Animals have a well-defined
respiratory system for respiration.

7. • In the process of respiration, glucose is broken down to
extract energy. It is a redox reaction which can take place
with or without oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria
of the cell and releases energy in the form of ATP.
• Respiration is mainly of two types- aerobic respiration and
anaerobic respiration.

8. •There are two main modes of nutrition, autotrophic and
heterotrophic.
•Heterotrophic nutrition has subtypes as holozoic, saprophytic
and parasitic nutrition.
The process of acquiring food that is needed for nourishment
and sustenance of the organism is called nutrition.
Nutrition

9. Autotrophic Nutrition
If an organism can nourish itself by making its own food using sunlight
or chemicals such mode of nutrition is called as autotrophic nutrition.
•Plants photosynthesize (use light energy) and are called
photoautotrophs.
•Few bacteria use chemicals to derive energy and are called
chemoautotrophs.

10. Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis is an important process by which food is formed.
• The plants make food using sunlight and water, which provides
nourishment to another organism and themselves.
• Chlorophyll present in the green parts absorbs light energy.
• This light energy is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
• Hydrogen is then used to reduce carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates, typically glucose.
• Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis and stomata to
facilitate intake of carbon dioxide.

11. Saprophytic Nutrition
Some organism feed on dead and decaying organic matter. This mode of
nutrition is called saprophytic nutrition.
•The food is partially digested outside the body and then it is absorbed.
•E.g. Fungi are saprophytes.
Parasitic Nutrition
Some organisms feed on the expense of another organism and in turn causing it harm.
This is called parasitic mode of nutrition.
•These organisms live on the body or in the body of a host organism and derive
the nutrients directly from the body of the host.
•E.g. Leech is an ectoparasite while Ascaris is an endoparasite. Cuscuta is a
parasitic plant.

12. Nutrition in Amoeba
• Amoeba feeds by holozoic mode of nutrition.
• It engulfs the food particle using pseudopodia, the process is
called phagocytosis.
• The engulfed food gets enclosed in a food vacuole.
• As the food vacuole passes through the cytoplasm, digestion,
absorption and assimilation take place.
• When the food vacuole opens to outside, egestion of
undigested food takes place.

14. Transportation
Transportation or transportation system in
plants and animals are entirely different. In
animals, transportation is carried out through
the circulatory system.
This system includes the heart, blood, and blood
carrying blood vessels.
Plants have particular tissues called vascular
tissues for the conduction and transportation of
materials throughout the plant parts. Vascular
tissues include xylem and phloem.
Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots
to shoot system while phloem transports
prepared food from leaves to other plant parts.

15. Excretion
Elimination of toxic waste substances from the body is
called excretion. There are various modes
of excretion and it generally differs with the different
types of living species.
Humans have a well developed excretory system
consisting of a couple of kidneys, ureter, urinary
bladder and urethra. Kidney has a structural unit called
nephron where the blood is filtered. After filtration, the
pure blood circulates back to other parts and extracted
waste products are passed into the ureter. The urinary
bladder collects urine, which is excreted through the
urethra.

16. • Plants have different modes of
excretion.
• The oxygen during photosynthesis and
carbon dioxide during respiration are
given out through a structure called
stomata.
• Excess water is removed by
transpiration. They shed dead cells and
even plant parts like leaves.
• Waste products are also stored in
vacuoles and leaves that fall off. Other
waste products include gums and resins,
etc.

17. THANKS