1. Mallareddy college of
pharmacy
Guided By
Dr.Kishore kumar kadimpati Ph.D, PDF
Industrial Pharmacy ll (ppt)
Presented By,
Y.PRATHAP
256213886031

2. Monitoring and prevention
system

3. CONTENTS
• Monitoring (MEDICINE)
• Medical monitoring
• Cure monitoring
• Election monitoring
• Environmental monitoring
• Network monitoring
• System monitoring
• Website monitoring
• Self monitoring

4. What is the Monitoring ?
Monitoring: Supervising activities in progress to
ensure they are on-course and on-shedule in
meeting the objectives and performance
targets.

5. Monitoring (medicine)
• In medicine, monitoring is the observation of a disease,
condition or one or several medical parameters over time.
• It can be performed by continuously measuring certain
parameters by using a medical monitor (for example, by
continuously measuring vital signs by a bedside monitor),
and/or by repeatedly performing medical tests (such as
blood glucose monitoring with a glucose meter in people
with diabetes mellitus).
• EXAMPLE: The PASCAL Dynamic Contour Tonometer. A
monitor for detection of increased intraocular pressure.
 Ref :(1)

6. Medical monitor or physiological monitor is a medical device used
for monitoring. It can consist of one or more sensors, processing
components, display devices (which are sometimes in themselves called
"monitors"), as well as communication links for displaying or recording the
results elsewhere through a monitoring network.
Components
• Sensor
• Translating component
• Display device
• Communication links
 Ref:(1)

7. HEART RATE MONITOR
Photo of a Polar RC3 GPS
heart rate monitor watch -
chest strap not shown

8. • Interpretation of monitored parameters
• Monitoring of clinical parameters is primarily intended to
detect changes (or absence of changes) in the clinical status of
an individual. For example, the parameter of oxygen saturation
is usually monitored to detect changes in respiratory capability
of an individual.
EXAMPLE: The PASCAL Dynamic Contour Tonometer. A monitor for
detection of increased intraocular pressure.

9. cure monitoring
• Real-time computing of cure monitoring is an
essential component for the control of the
manufacturing process of composite materials.
The rationale for cure monitoring relies on the
various physical or chemical properties that can
be used to follow the transformation of an
initially liquid thermoset resin into its final rigid
solid form (curing). The relationship between the
monitoring output and the requirements for
feedback-loop control is the subject of extended
research activities including considerations of the
modelling of the cure reaction.
 Ref:(2)

10. Techniques
• Optical fiber cure monitoring is performed by measuring
– changes in the concentration of specific reactive resin species using
spectroscopy methods (FTIR & Raman)
– changes in the refractive index or fluorescence of the resin (optical property)
– changes in internal resin strain (mechanical property) with the use of Fibe
Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors
• Ultrasonic cure monitoring methods based on relationships between
changes in the characteristics of propagating ultrasound and the real-time
mechanical properties of a component by measuring:
– ultrasonic time of flight, both in through-transmission and pulse-echo modes
– natural frequency using impact excitation and laser-induced surface acoustic
wave velocity measurement.
• Thermal cure monitoring methods based on the amount of heat
produced during the thermoset cure reaction by measuring:
– the amount of heat flux per second through a given surface
– the change in heat capacity for small resin quantities

11. Election monitoring
• Election monitoring is the observation of an election by one
or more independent parties, typically from another country
or a non-governmental organization (NGO), primarily to
assess the conduct of an election process on the basis of
national legislation and international election standards.
• Organizations
• International organizations such as the Organization of
American States, the Organization for Security and Co-operation
in Europe, the European Union, the
Commonwealth Secretariat, the Council of Europe and the
African Union regularly deploy monitoring teams. The United
Nations no longer provides monitoring services, instead it
focuses on electoral assistance. Individual governments also
participate in monitoring efforts, generally under the
umbrella of an international organization.
 Ref:(3)

12. • International Election Observation
• Standard international election observation missions, as deployed
by, for the example, the European Commission or the OSCE Office
for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), monitor the
entire electoral process.
• Long Term Observers (LTO)
• Most observation missions send a small number of long-term
monitors (known as LTOs) for a period of six to eight weeks. A larger
number of short-term observers (known as STOs) then join the
mission for the final week of the campaign.
• Domestic Election Observation
• In addition to international organizations monitoring elections,
citizen organizations—or coalitions of organizations—also monitor
elections in their own country.

13. • Local and regional election monitoring
• Though most international observer
organisations have a mandate to observe
parliamentary elections, the Congress of the
Council of Europe, in cooperation with the
Venice Commission, is specifically mandated
to monitor local and regional elections and is
unique in this regard.

14. Environmental monitoring
• Environmental monitoring describes the processes and activities
that need to take place to characterise and monitor the quality of
the environment. Environmental monitoring is used in the
preparation of environmental impact assessments, as well as in
many circumstances in which human activities carry a risk of
harmful effects on the natural environment. All monitoring
strategies and programmes have reasons and justifications which
are often designed to establish the current status of an
environment or to establish trends in environmental parameters.
• Air quality monitoring
• Soil monitoring
• Water quality monitoring
 Ref:(4)

15. Water quality monitoring
Design of environmental monitoring programmes
Water quality monitoring is of little use without a clear
and unambiguous definition of the reasons for the
monitoring and the objectives that it will satisfy. Almost
all monitoring (except perhaps remote sensing) is in some
part invasive of the environment under study and
extensive and poorly planned monitoring carries a risk of
damage to the environment. This may be a critical
consideration in wilderness areas or when monitoring
very rare organisms or those that are averse to human
presence.
• Chemical-Analyzing water samples for pesticides
• Biological-In ecological monitoring, the monitoring
strategy and effort is directed at the plants and animals in
the environment under review and is specific to each

16. • Radiological-Radiation monitoring involves the
measurement of radiation dose or radionuclide
contamination for reasons related to the
assessment or control of exposure to ionizing
radiation or radioactive substances, and the
interpretation of the results.
• Microbiological-Bacteria and viruses are the most
commonly monitored groups of microbiological
organisms and even these are only of great
relevance where water in the aquatic
environment is subsequently used as drinking
water or where water contact recreation such as
swimming or canoeing is practised.

17. Network monitoring
• Network monitoring is the use of a system that constantly
monitors a computer network for slow or failing
components and that notifies the network administrator (
other alarms) in case of outages. It is part of network
management.
• Internet server monitoring
• Monitoring an internet server means that the server owner
always knows if one or all of his services go down. Server
monitoring may be internal, i.e. web server software
checks its status and notifies the owner if some services go
down, and external, i.e. some web server monitoring
companies check the services status with a certain
frequency.
 Ref:(5)

18. Website monitoring
• Monitoring is essential to ensure that a website is available to users,
downtime is minimized, and performance can be optimized. Users
that rely on a website, or an application, for work or pleasure will get
frustrated or even stop using the application if it is not reliably
available. Monitoring can cover many things that an application
needs to function, like network connectivity, Domain Name System
records, database connectivity, bandwidth, and computer resources
like free RAM, CPU load, disk space, events, etc. Commonly measured
metrics are response time and availability , but consistency and
reliability metrics are gaining popularity. Measuring a website's
availability and reliability under various amounts of traffic is often
referred to as load testing
• Users of website monitoring (typically network administrators, web
masters, web operations personnel) may monitor a single page of a
website, but can also monitor a complete business process (often
referred to as multi-step transactions).
 Ref:(6)

19. • Types of website monitoring
• There are two main types of website monitoring
• Synthetic monitoring also known as active monitoring, and
• Passive monitoring also known as real monitoring.
• Servers monitoring from around the globe
• Website monitoring services usually have a number of
servers around the globe - South America, Africa, North
America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and other locations.
By having multiple servers in different geographic locations,
monitoring service can determine if a Web server is available
across continents over the Internet. Some vendors claim
that the more locations the better picture on your website
availability while others say that three globally distributed
stations are sufficient and more stations do not give more
information.

20. Self-monitoring
• Mark Snyder originally developed a scale to measure whether
people were high or low self monitors in 1974 as a 25-item
measure. In his original study he found that Stanford University
students scored significantly higher on the scale than did
psychiatric inpatients, but significantly lower than people in
the acting profession. The scale was revised into an 18-item
measure that is considered psychometrically superior to the
original scale and has been used extensively in self-monitoring
studies.There has developed great debate over whether or not
the self-monitoring scale is a unitary phenomenon. During the
1980s, factor analysis postulated that the self-monitoring scale
was actually measuring several distinct dimensions. The three-factor
solution was the most common and usually interpreted
as Acting, Extraversion, and Other-Directedness (see
willingness to communicate). There has developed consensus
about the multifactorial nature of the items on the self-monitoring
scale; however, there remains differing
interpretations about whether or not that jeopardizes the

21. High/Low self-monitors
A score of 0-8 on Snyder's scale indicates low self-monitoring,
while a score of 13-25 indicates high self-monitoring.
Some traits of high self-monitors include
readily and easily modifying their behavior in response
to the demands of the situation, whereas low self-monitors
care little about modifying their behavior in
response to the situation and tend to maintain the
same opinions and attitudes regardless of the
situation.
Ref:(7)

22. PREVENTION SYSTEM

23. • Prevention of industrial safety
such as
fire
mechanical
electrical
chemical

38. References
1. Forgerty,y.(1989),medicine monitoring.
2. I.partridge&G.Maistros, chapter-17,vol 5,
Encyclopeadia of composite material(2001)
3. Mark almond August 15 2006, Declaration of
principles for international Election observatin.
4 . Wrona.F.J; Cash,K.J,1996.The ecosystem approach to
Environmental assessment.
5. The impact of WAN optimization on Net Flow/IPFIX
measurment.
6. Ajzen,Icek.(1985),
7. Ajzen,I; Timko,c.&white,J.B(1982). Self
monitoring&the attitude-behaviour relation.