2. - using language for communicative purposes (Schmitt, 1988)
- the meaning of a word is acquired totally unconsciously as a
result of abstraction from repeated exposures in a range of
activated contexts. (Ellis, 1994:219)
- Learning that occurs when the mind is elsewhere, such as
understanding a text or using language for communicative
purposes
5. Clarke and Nation (1980) propose a
guessing strategy based on clues ( also in
Nation 1990).
6. A herald has been employed by kings and large
landowners, principally as messengers and
ambassadors. They were required to organize,
announce and referee the contestants at a
tournament. Heralds are compared to a daffodil
that signals the beginning of or approach of spring.
7. 1. Look closely at the unfamilliar word
decide the part of speech of the unknown
word (e.g., noun, verb , adjective, adverb)
examine the context of the clause or sentence
containing the word
8. 2. Look at the relationship between the clause or sentence and other sentences or
paragraphs
signals to look for might be a coordinating or subordinating conjunction such
as but, because, if, when or an adverbial such as however, or as a result
be aware of the possible rhetorical relationship, which include cause, effect,
contrast, inclusion, time, exemplification, and sumarry.
punctuation may also be helpful as a clue
referrence words such as this, that, and such also provide useful information if
the ancedent can be identified
9. 3. Take a much broader view of how the clause containing the word relates to the other clauses,
setences, or paragraphs.
includes using knowledge gained from such clues to guess the meaning of the word
che
10. Mnemonic Devices
Use mnemonics ( memory tricks or keyword method)
For example, consider the word EGREGIOUS (extremely bad). Think EGG REACH US - imagine we've
made a mistake so bad that they are throwing eggs at us and a rotten EGG REACHes US. Such funny
little word pictures will help you remember what words mean, AND they are fun to make up. Also, find
out which learning style suits you best. Everyone learns differently!
11. - A notebook where students can write word pairs and semantic maps which help them visualize the
associative network of relationships existing between new and familiar words.
12. o encourage students to chech for an L1 cognate
o study and practice in peer groups
o connect a word to personal experience or previous
learning
o say a new word aloud when studying
o use verbal and written repetitions
o engage in extended rehearsal
