Management can be viewed as a science, art, or profession. As a science, management establishes relationships between causes and effects through systematic knowledge and analysis that allows for prediction and verification. As an art, management achieves desired results through practical skills and creative application developed through practice. As a profession, management involves specialized knowledge used to instruct and advise others, with formal training, representative associations that regulate conduct and priorities of service over profit.

1. Nature of Management T.R.Jain